Incidence and Risk Factors of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia among Patients with Delirium in the Intensive Care Unit: A Prospective Observational Study
Table 1
Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with delirium according to with and without VAP (n = 108).
Variables
Patients without VAP (n = 92)
Patients with VAP (n = 16)
Total patients (n = 108)
value
Age
Mean ± SD (years)
37.82 ± 10.96
51.06 ± 11.48
39.78 ± 11.96
<0.001
Range (years)
(25–52)
(38–68)
(25–68)
Gender
Male (%)
70 (76.1)
9 (56.3)
79 (73.1)
0.098
Female (%)
22 (23.9)
7 (43.8)
29 (26.9)
Cause of ICU admission
Head trauma (%)
78 (84.8)
15 (93.8)
93 (86.1)
0.462
Chest trauma (%)
8 (8.7)
1 (6.3)
9 (8.3)
Abdominal trauma (%)
6 (6.5)
0
6 (5.6)
Illness scoring systems
APACHE IV, mean ± SD
13.80 ± 1.65
19.87 ± 2.63
14.70 ± 2.82
<0.001
RASS, mean ± SD
2.97 ± 0.79
2.93 ± 0.85
2.97 ± 0.81
0.852
Onset of delirium
Mean ± SD (days)
4.17 ± 1.11
5.62 ± 1.70
4.38 ± 1.31
0.004
Serum glucose levels
Mean ± SD (mg/dL)
174.89 ± 12.25
178.81 ± 27.36
175.47 ± 15.31
0.347
Outcomes
ICU LOS, mean ± SD (days)
12.93 ± 1.71
21.68 ± 4.26
14.23 ± 3.84
<0.001
Mortality rate (%)
0
5 (31.25)
5 (4.6)
<0.001
VAP: ventilator-associated pneumonia; APACHE IV: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation IV; RASS: Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale; LOS: length of stay; statistically significant <0.05.
