Critical Care Research and Practice / 2022 / Article / Tab 1 / Research Article
Ketamine Boluses Are Associated with a Reduction in Intracranial Pressure and an Increase in Cerebral Perfusion Pressure: A Retrospective Observational Study of Patients with Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Table 1 Demographics, cointerventions, and outcomes according to the effect on intracranial pressure and cerebral perfusion pressure.
Variables Whole population Improved ICP and CPP after ketamine bolus Yes (n = 17) No (n = 26) Age (years) 30 (20; 44) 33 (23; 40) 26 (19; 30) 0.14 Gender (male) 77% (33/43) 74% (17/23) 80% (16/20) 0.86 Weight (kg) 78 (65; 95) 82 (68; 95) 76 (64; 99) 0.62 Presenting GCS 5 (3; 7) 4 (3; 6) 6 (3; 8) 0.76 EDH 9% (4/43) 9% (2/23) 10% (2/20) 0.76 SAH 74% (32/43) 79% (18/23) 70% (14/20) 0.3 SDH 65% (28/43) 52% (12/23) 80% (16/20) 0.13 Contusions 56% (24/43) 52% (12/23) 60% (12/20) 0.2 AIS 2% (1/43) 4% (1/23) 0% (0/20) 0.99 Type of monitoring EVD 40% (17/43) 35% (8/23) 45% (9/20) 0.7 Codman 37% (16/43) 39% (9/23) 35% (7/20) Both 23% (10/43) 26% (6/23) 20% (4/20) Decompressive craniectomy 54% (23/43) 52% (12/23) 55% (11/20) 0.27 Hospital day 2 (1; 2) 2 (1; 3) 1 (1; 2) 0.006 Ketamine infusion 98% (210/215) 99% (98/99) 97% (112/116) 0.38 Ketamine infusion dose (mcg/kg/min) 48 (32/78) 56 (32; 78) 48 (32; 75) 0.18 Propofol infusion 48/215 27/99 21/116 0.13 Propofol bolus 12/215 7/99 5/116 0.39 Fentanyl infusion 133/215 92/99 71/116 0.89 Fentanyl bolus 29/215 13/99 16/116 0.99 Dexmedetomidine infusion 0/215 0/99 0/116 — Dexmedetomidine bolus 0/215 0/99 0/116 — Benzodiazepine infusion 78/215 37/99 41/116 0.54 Benzodiazepine bolus 16/215 10/99 6/116 0.2 Pentobarbital infusion 3/215 1/99 2/116 0.99 Cisatracurium infusion 36/215 19/99 17/116 0.46 Cisatracurium bolus 0/215 0/99 0/116 — 3% NaCl infusion 8/215 4/99 4/116 0.99 Hypertonic saline bolus 9/215 3/99 6/116 0.51 Mannitol bolus 4/215 3/99 1/116 0.34 ICP before ketamine bolus (mmHg) 25 (19; 30) 27 (22; 32) 24 (17; 27) 0.001 CPP before ketamine bolus (mmHg) 68 (58; 83) 65 (55; 74) 72 (61; 88) 0.001 Ketamine bolus dosage (mg) 150 (100; 200) 150 (12; 180) 140 (100; 200) 0.31
