Identification of Maltase Glucoamylase as a Biomarker of Acute Kidney Injury in Patients with Cirrhosis

Figure 2

Two-dimensional (2D) partial least squares discriminant analysis separation using protein normalized spectral abundancy factor count-based proteomic measurements in the urine exosome of healthy controls (group 0), patients with compensated cirrhosis (group 1), with decompensated cirrhosis (group 2), and with decompensated cirrhosis and kidney injury (group 3). Clear separation of urine exosome proteins for control versus cirrhotics is observed, signified by the lack of overlap between the two groups of exosome proteins. However, among the cirrhotic subjects, the observed overlap between groups 1 and 2 may be due to crowding, as the expansion of the axes magnitude showed sufficient delineation.