The Microcirculation Is Unchanged in Neonates with Severe Respiratory Failure after the Initiation of ECMO Treatment
Table 2
Macrocirculatory data.
T1 ECMO
T2 ECMO
T1 Controls
T2 Controls
value at baseline*
value over time†
Age [days]
1 (0–12)
1 (0–12)
1 (0–6)
1 (0–7)
0.694
NA
Time to or from start ECMO [hours]
2 (0.5–24)
2 (0.5–24)
—
—
NA
NA
Time to or from ICU admission [hours]
2.5 (0.3–55.4)
6.4 (2.3–82.7)
12.4 (1.0–145.3)
33.5 (17.9–173.5)
NA
NA
Time between SDF measurements [hours]
4.0 (1.3–39.2)
26.8 (13.0–32.3)
0.005
Heart rate [beats/min]
180 (120–220)
150 (106–198)
138 (113–191)
129 (110–160)
0.046
0.387
Mean blood pressure [mmHg]
49 (29–77)
49 (35–86)
44 (32–60)
52 (41–63)
0.264
0.727
Pulse pressure [mmHg]
19 (10–40)
10 (0–33)
25 (12–36)
24 (15–32)
0.559
<0.001
Vasopressor score
40 (0–140)
10 (0–108)
15 (0–75)
19 (0–66)
0.410
0.136
Dopamine [mcg/kg/min]
10 (0–20)
0 (0–20)
10 (0–21)
16 (0–21)
NA
NA
Dobutamine [mcg/kg/min]
10 (0–20)
5 (0–20)
10 (0–20)
5 (0–20)
NA
NA
Norepinephrine [mcg/kg/min]
0.1 (0.0–1.0)
0.0 (0.0–0.9)
0.0 (0.0–0.4)
0.0 (0.0–0.3)
NA
NA
Mean airway pressure [cm H2O]
18 (12–27)
11 (7–21)
14 (9–16)
13 (8–16)
0.019
0.357
Inhaled nitric oxide [ppm]
20 (0–40)
0 (0-0)
0 (0–19)
0 (0–20)
0.012
0.002
Oxygenation index
31 (5–94)
2 (1–21)
5 (3–13)
3 (0–7)
0.004
0.520
PELOD
20 (11–31)
—
11 (11–20)
—
0.006
—
Hemoglobin [mmol/L]
9.2 (6.9–12.6)
8.7 (6.7–12.0)
8.7 (7.4–11.0)
8.5 (7.8–10.8)
0.336
0.978
Hematocrit [L/L]
0.45 (0.32–0.62)
0.41 (0.31–0.56)
0.43 (0.38–0.53)
0.40 (0.34–0.53)
0.514
0.384
Fluid amount administered [mL/kg]
—
—
63 (10–145)
54 (26–112)
NA
NA
Fluid balance [mL/kg]
—
—
33 (6–139)
26 (−25–56)
NA
NA
Temperature [degrees Celsius]
37.4 (34.4–38.6)
36.9 (35.9–38.4)
37.3 (36.7–38.4)
36.8 (36.5–37.3)
NA
NA
ECMO flow [mL/kg/min]
—
140 (110–210)
—
—
NA
NA
Data are presented as median and range.
*Intergroup differences at T1 were assessed using Mann-Whitney test. †For the time-dependent variables differences at T2 were assessed using ANCOVA with the baseline measurement as covariate. NA: not assessed, —: not relevant, ECMO: extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, ICU: intensive Care Unit, PELOD: pediatric logistic organ dysfunction.