Fermented Fruits and Vegetables of Asia: A Potential Source of Probiotics

Table 2

Nutritive values and scientific names of fruits and vegetables mostly used for lactic acid fermentation.

Common name	Nutrient composition	Botanical name	Used for	Country
Leafy vegetables
Broccoli	Carbohydrates 6.64%,; Sugars 1.7%; Protein 2.82%; Fat 0.37%; Dietary fiber 2.6%	Brassica oleracea L. var. italica	Yan-tsai-shin	Taiwan
Cabbage	Carbohydrates 5.8%,; Sugars 3.2%; Protein 1.28%; Fat 0.1%; Dietary fiber 2.5 g	Brassica oleracea	Dhamuoi; Gundruk; Kimchi; Paocai; Sauerkraut; Suan-tsai	Vietnam; India; Korea; China; International; Taiwan
Chinese cabbage	Carbohydrates 3.08%,; Protein 0.75%; Fat 0.01%; Vitamin K and Molybdenum	Brassica rapa, subsp. Pekinensis	Suan-tsai	Taiwan
Mustard leaf	Carbohydrates 4%; Protein 5%; Total fat 1%; Dietary fiber 9%	Brassica juncea	Burong mustala; Dakguadong; Dua muoi; Inziangsang; Pak-Gard-Dong; Suan-tsai	Philippines; Thailand; Vietnam; India; Thailand; Taiwan
Root and tubers
Beet	Carbohydrates 9.96%; Sugars 7.96%; Protein 1.68%; Fat 0.18%; Dietary fiber 2.0%
Carrots	Carbohydrates 9.6%,; Sugars 4.7%; Protein 0.93%; Fat 0.24%; Dietary fiber 2.8%	Daucus carota	Kanji	India
Ginger	Carbohydrates 71.62%,; Sugars 3.39%; Protein 8.98%; Fat 4.24%; Dietary fiber 14.1%	Zingiber officinale Roscoe	Yan-jiang	Taiwan
Radish	Carbohydrates 3.4%; Sugars 1.86%; Protein 0.68%; Dietary fiber 1.6%; Fat 0.1%	Raphanus sativus	Gundruk; Kimchi; Paocai; Sinki	India; Korea; China; India
Turnip	Carbohydrates 5%; Protein 1.5%; Fat 0.9%,; Dietary fiber 5%	Brassica rapa subsp. Rapa	Nozuwana-Zuke; Sunki	Japan; Japan
Vegetables
Bamboo Shoot	Carbohydrates 5.2%; Sugars 3%; Protein 2.6%; Fat 0.3%; Dietary fiber 2.2%; Potassium 11%; Zinc 12%	Bambusa tulda	Soidon	India
Cauliflower	Carbohydrates 5%; Sugars 1.9%; Protein 1.9%; Fat 0.3%; Dietary fiber 2%	Brassica oleracea	Gundruk	Nepal
Cucumber	Carbohydrate 2.7%; Protein 0.67%; Fat 0.13%; Dietary fiber 0.8%	Cucumis sativus	Jiang-gua; Khalpi; Paocai	Taiwan; Nepal, India; China
Eggplant	Carbohydrate 2%; Protein 2%; Dietary fiber 12%; Vitamin C 3%	Solanum melongena	Ca muoi	Vietnam
Green onion	Carbohydrates 6%; Protein 3%; Fat 1%; Dietary fiber 7%	Allium wakegi	Kimchi	Korea
Wax gourd	Carbohydrates 3%; Protein 2%; Fat 0.5%; Dietary Fiber 7%	Benincasa hispida Thunb.	yan-dong-gua	Taiwan
Fruits
Cummingcordia		Cordia dichotoma; G. Forst.	Pobuzihi	Taiwan
Durian	Carbohydrates 27.09%; Protein 1.47%; Fat 5.33%; Dietary fiber 3.8%	Durio zibethinus	Tempoyak	Malaysia
Olive	Carbohydrates 3.84%; Sugars 0.54%; Protein 1.03%; Fat 15.32%; Dietary fiber 3.3%	Olea europaea L.	Olive	Spain, Italy
Pak-sian		Gynandropsis pentaphylla	Pak-sian-dong	Thailand
Peaches	Carbohydrates 9.54%; Sugars 8.39%; Protein 1%; Fat 0.25%; Dietary fiber 1.5%; Vitamin C 8%	Prunus persica (L.) Stokes	Yan-taozih	China and Taiwan