Presence and Characteristics of Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms in Subacute Stroke Patients with Cognitive Impairment

Table 4

Comparison of Neuropsychiatric Inventory-Questionnaire Distress scores of patients with severe () and mild cognitive impairment (MMSE 18–23).

Items	Number of patients according to score [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]		value	Presence (% of )		value
	()	MMSE 18–23 ()		()	MMSE 18–23 ()
Delusions	[22, 5, 5, 3, 1, 0]	[39, 5, 0, 0, 1, 0]	0.005	38.9	13.3	0.008
Hallucinations	[32, 3, 0, 0, 1, 0]	[43, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0]	0.249	11.1	4.4	0.399
Agitation	[1, 2, 9, 21]	[38, 4, 2, 1, 0, 0]	0.009	41.7	15.6	0.009
Depression	[23, 8, 3, 0, 2, 0]	[26, 15, 3, 1, 0, 0]	0.780	36.1	42.2	0.576
Anxiety	[18, 12, 6, 0, 0, 0]	[35, 8, 2, 0, 0, 0]	0.007	50.0	22.2	0.009
Euphoria	[28, 7, 1, 0, 0, 0]	[42, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0]	0.056	22.2	6.7	0.054
Apathy	[16, 15, 4, 0, 1, 0]	[31, 10, 3, 1, 0, 0]	0.037	55.6	31.1	0.027
Disinhibition	[26, 7, 1, 1, 0, 1]	[43, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0]	0.004	27.8	4.4	0.003
Irritability	[28, 5, 0, 1, 0, 2]	[41, 3, 0, 1, 0, 0]	0.087	22.2	8.9	0.093
Aberrant motor behavior	[30, 4, 1, 0, 0, 1]	[42, 2, 0, 1, 0, 0]	0.158	16.7	6.7	0.155
Total score
Mean (SD)	5.3 (6.6)	2.1 (3.0)	0.005	86.1	64.4	0.177
Median (IQR)	3 (1–7)	2 (0–3)

Values are presented as number, percentage, mean (SD), or median (IQR). IQR: interquartile range; MMSE: Mini-Mental State Examination; SD: standard deviation. Total scores of Neuropsychiatric Inventory-Questionnaire Distress range 0 to 50, with higher scores indicating severer symptom.