“Olfactory Three-Needle” Enhances Spatial Learning and Memory Ability in SAMP8 Mice

<div>Effects of “olfactory three-needle” and olfactory stimulation on the recovery of synaptic function in hippocampal neurons of SAMP8 mice. (a) Representative IF staining for SYP in the hippocampus. SYP in red, Nissl in blue. (b) Relative integrated density of SYP in the CA1 area of the hippocampus. (c) Protein expression of SYP in the hippocampus. <span class="nowrap"><svg height="10.7395pt" id="M25" style="vertical-align:-0.6370001pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -10.1025 50.9184 10.7395" width="50.9184pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,0,-5.741)"><path d="M486 158C486 177 478 202 466 220C413 228 386 236 336 262C386 288 413 297 466 304C478 323 486 347 485 366C470 376 444 381 422 380C389 338 368 319 321 288C323 345 329 372 349 422C339 442 322 461 305 470C289 461 271 442 262 422C281 372 287 345 290 288C243 319 222 338 189 380C167 381 142 376 125 366C125 347 133 322 145 304C198 296 225 288 275 262C225 236 198 227 145 220C133 201 125 177 126 158C141 148 167 143 189 144C222 186 243 205 290 236C288 179 282 152 262 102C272 82 289 63 306 54C322 63 340 82 350 102C330 152 324 179 321 236C368 205 390 186 422 144C444 143 470 148 486 158Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,6.079,0)"><path 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27V0H384Z"></path></g></svg>,</span> and <sup>###</sup><svg height="9.2729pt" id="M30" style="vertical-align:-0.6370001pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 51.1027 9.2729" width="51.1027pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M600 480C600 590 528 650 384 650H143L137 622C222 614 225 607 210 531L130 127C113 41 106 36 23 28L17 0H294L300 28C204 36 195 42 212 127L243 284L314 263C327 263 339 263 352 264C465 271 600 337 600 480ZM508 481C508 351 402 304 329 304C289 304 265 311 250 317L295 559C302 594 310 606 323 611C335 616 350 619 367 619C455 619 508 573 508 481Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,11.658,0)"><path d="M512 -3V55L134 254V256L512 456V514L75 281V230L512 -3Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,22.921,0)"><path d="M241 635C89 635 35 457 35 312C35 153 89 -12 240 -12C390 -12 443 166 443 312C443 466 390 635 241 635ZM238 602C329 602 354 454 354 312C354 172 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Behavioural Neurology

fig4

Figure 4

Figure 4: “Olfactory Three-Needle” Enhances Spatial Learning and Memory Ability in SAMP8 Mice 