Effect of Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Autism: A Randomized Double-Blind Crossover Trial
Table 2
Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist (ATEC) scale, Children’s Global Assessment Scale (CGAS), Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-Severity), and Clinical Global Impression-Improvement (CGI-Improvement) in the active tDCS () and the sham () group at baseline and 7 days posttreatment.
Parameters
Baseline
Seven days posttreatment
tDCS
Sham
tDCS
Sham
Mean
S.D.
Mean
S.D.
Mean
S.D.
Mean
S.D.
CARS
34.95
4.73
34.6
4.41
32.2*###
3.98
35
4.3
ATEC
Language
10.6
5.59
10.75
4.72
10.5
5.39
10.55
5.2
Social
16.4
4.5
17.45
2.67
14.45*##
4.85
17.7
2.98
Sensory and cognitive awareness
20.1
3.91
20.5
3.4
18.35*
5.35
22.3
4.47
Health and behavioral problem
20.15
8.34
20.45
7.21
14.7*##
6.21
19.1
6.47
Total
67.25
9.88
69.15
8.98
58***###
5.82
69.65
9.13
CGAS
54.35
11.07
53.35
10.31
60*###
10.57
53.1
10.14
CGI-Severity
4.05
0.94
4.15
0.99
—
—
—
—
%
%
CGI-Improvement
Very much improved
—
—
—
—
0
0
0
0
Much improved
—
—
—
—
9&
45
3
15
Minimally improved
—
—
—
—
8
40
4
20
No change
—
—
—
—
1
5
6
30
Minimally worse
—
—
—
—
2
10
2
10
Much worse
—
—
—
—
0&
0
5
25
Very much worse
—
—
—
—
0
0
0
0
Mean value was significantly different between groups , (one-way ANOVA), (chi-square test). Mean value was significantly different from that at baseline , (paired -test).
