Changes in the modern lifestyle including diets high in salt, sugar, and fat and low physical activity have contributed to the increasing incidence and prevalence of chronic diseases. Several nonpharmacological strategies have been developed aimed at promoting a healthy lifestyle to reduce drug dose and polypharmacy and decrease morbidity and mortality. This reform in the lifestyle is an attitude that should be encouraged in all sectors of health care. About strategies on lifestyle intervention, the impacts of physical activity and exercise training practices have been widely studied over the past 5 decades. Many recommendations for exercise and physical activity by professional organizations and government agencies have been published on preventive and clinical views. Unfortunately, optimal exercise prescriptions and physical activity recommendations for different conditions are not well established, particularly if the unique scenario of each pathology is considered. Thus, there is a need for development of effective exercise programs and behavioral lifestyle intervention that will reduce damages, improve functions, or treat problems associated with particular pathological condition, based on translational view, showing evidences from morphofunctional, biochemical, physiological, and molecular aspects in both experimental models from basic to clinical and applied sciences.

This Special Issue invites investigators to contribute original research and review articles addressing different approaches in physical activity or exercises training at a basic, clinical, or epidemiological research level, considering that this is a great opportunity to improve the knowledge and fill some gaps present on exercise sciences.

Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

• Basic laboratory studies using animal model of physical exercise or training evaluating physiological and pathophysiological aspects in health and disease
• Basic physiological and biomechanics studies applied to human rehabilitation and training in different populations
• Planning exercise training for reducing cardiac dysfunction and MR: repercussion of aerobic, resistive, and combined programs
• Measurement of physical activity in different patient groups
• Randomized or controlled clinical trial to observe the effect of the treatment or training in specific group of patients
• Advances in the genetics and epigenetics to know key mechanisms involved in human behavior
• Human motor movement applied to aging with attention, electromyography, gait, and kinematics analysis
• Association between environmental, family, and cultural factors on human behavior in different lifestyle intervention models