Antibody-Mediated Osseous Regeneration for Bone Tissue Engineering in Canine Segmental Defects

<div>Quantitative analysis of calcified tissues in the defect sites by CT scan imaging. (a) Comparison of bone density (Hounsfield Unit) of isotype mAb, rhBMP-2, and anti-BMP-2 mAb at 6th and 12th weeks. (b) Comparison of mineralized area (mm<sup>2</sup>) of isotype mAb, rhBMP-2, and anti-BMP-2 mAb at 6th and 12th weeks. Means and standard deviations were calculated in each group and statistical significance was assessed by general linear models for repeated measures and Tukey’s test as the post hoc test (<span class="nowrap"><svg height="15.2675pt" id="M4" style="vertical-align:-3.4295pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -11.838 72.1616 15.2675" width="72.1616pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,0,-5.741)"><path d="M486 158C486 177 478 202 466 220C413 228 386 236 336 262C386 288 413 297 466 304C478 323 486 347 485 366C470 376 444 381 422 380C389 338 368 319 321 288C323 345 329 372 349 422C339 442 322 461 305 470C289 461 271 442 262 422C281 372 287 345 290 288C243 319 222 338 189 380C167 381 142 376 125 366C125 347 133 322 145 304C198 296 225 288 275 262C225 236 198 227 145 220C133 201 125 177 126 158C141 148 167 143 189 144C222 186 243 205 290 236C288 179 282 152 262 102C272 82 289 63 306 54C322 63 340 82 350 102C330 152 324 179 321 236C368 205 390 186 422 144C444 143 470 148 486 158Z" id="g50-43"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,5.56,-5.741)"><path d="M98 134C72 134 46 117 46 90C46 73 55 65 60 64C95 55 124 32 124 -4C124 -42 95 -68 44 -89L57 -123C122 -104 194 -60 194 22C194 94 136 134 98 134Z" id="g50-45"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,7.717,-5.741)"><path d="M333 262C333 337 270 397 193 397S54 337 54 262S116 127 193 127S333 187 333 262Z" id="g54-74"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,11.22,-5.741)"><path d="M98 134C72 134 46 117 46 90C46 73 55 65 60 64C95 55 124 32 124 -4C124 -42 95 -68 44 -89L57 -123C122 -104 194 -60 194 22C194 94 136 134 98 134Z" id="g50-45"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,13.377,-5.741)"><path d="M387 665C175 665 46 498 46 318C46 123 194 -15 374 -15C558 -15 712 114 712 333C712 535 557 665 387 665ZM364 625C495 625 607 518 607 306C607 115 505 25 396 25C256 25 151 161 151 346C151 532 255 625 364 625Z" id="g58-77"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,20.266,-5.741)"><path d="M98 134C72 134 46 117 46 90C46 73 55 65 60 64C95 55 124 32 124 -4C124 -42 95 -68 44 -89L57 -123C122 -104 194 -60 194 22C194 94 136 134 98 134Z" id="g50-45"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,22.422,-5.741)"><path d="M278 -108C276 -72 276 -41 276 6C276 132 289 239 307 279C282 327 275 360 273 404C334 402 369 393 402 372C420 379 445 401 457 422C445 442 420 464 402 471C369 449 334 441 273 439C276 506 281 532 311 583C297 609 275 635 252 647C231 635 207 609 194 583C223 532 229 506 232 439C171 442 135 450 103 471C84 463 60 441 49 422C60 401 84 379 103 372C135 393 171 402 232 404C230 360 224 327 199 279C217 239 228 132 228 6C229 -41 229 -72 227 -108H278Z" id="g50-15"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,27.636,0)"><path d="M570 304C570 398 525 448 414 448C385 448 343 445 312 434L329 511L321 518C297 504 262 482 244 460L233 411C195 397 159 381 128 358L135 332C160 347 189 360 224 373L111 -147C97 -210 84 -218 17 -231L13 -257L254 -247L259 -218L233 -216C183 -212 177 -202 189 -142L218 -1C238 -10 266 -12 283 -12C351 3 429 48 483 105C543 168 570 242 570 304ZM482 289C482 161 380 33 304 33C278 33 248 51 233 69L303 396C326 400 352 403 369 403C428 403 482 380 482 289Z" id="g113-113"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,38.978,0)"><path d="M512 -3V55L134 254V256L512 456V514L75 281V230L512 -3Z" id="g117-91"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,50.24,0)"><path d="M241 635C89 635 35 457 35 312C35 153 89 -12 240 -12C390 -12 443 166 443 312C443 466 390 635 241 635ZM238 602C329 602 354 454 354 312C354 172 330 22 240 22C152 22 124 173 124 313S148 602 238 602Z" id="g113-49"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,56.48,0)"><path d="M113 -12C146 -12 170 11 170 46C170 78 146 103 114 103S58 78 58 46C58 11 82 -12 113 -12Z" id="g113-47"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,59.444,0)"><path d="M241 635C89 635 35 457 35 312C35 153 89 -12 240 -12C390 -12 443 166 443 312C443 466 390 635 241 635ZM238 602C329 602 354 454 354 312C354 172 330 22 240 22C152 22 124 173 124 313S148 602 238 602Z" id="g113-49"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,65.684,0)"><path d="M153 550H386L412 615L406 623H120L82 318C104 327 142 338 184 338C294 338 347 275 347 187C347 112 305 39 221 39C160 39 119 71 97 89C88 97 80 96 71 90C59 80 50 67 49 57C48 45 52 36 66 23C80 9 123 -12 169 -12C221 -11 288 15 342 59C403 109 431 165 431 225C431 308 366 395 238 395C212 395 165 379 127 364L153 550Z" id="g113-54"></path></g></svg>;</span> all other comparisons in each time point were not significant).</div>

BioMed Research International

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Figure 3

Figure 3: Antibody-Mediated Osseous Regeneration for Bone Tissue Engineering in Canine Segmental Defects 