The Effects of Aquatic Exercises on Physical Fitness and Muscle Function in Dialysis Patients

Table 4

Values of force-velocity parameters of flexors and extensors of the knee joint before and after aquatic exercise.

Knee extensors
Joint angle	Parameter	Leg	Before exercise		After exercise		Student’s -test
			Mean	SD	Mean	SD
60°/s	Peak torque [N-m]	Right	62.31	16.55	68.84	15.25	4.621	0.0024
		Left	65.26	24.52	66.64	21.10	0.360	0.7293
	Peak torque/body weight [%]	Right	106.16	26.10	124.48	20.92	4.478	0.0029
		Left	109.33	36.13	120.16	25.21	1.347	0.2199
	Total work [J]	Right	375.73	98.88	438.56	83.89	5.695	0.0007
		Left	368.51	137.09	399.80	113.82	1.601	0.1535
	Average power [W]	Right	41.89	12.40	48.38	10.89	7.326	0.0002
		Left	41.96	15.67	45.85	13.46	1.492	0.1794
180°/s	Peak torque [N-m]	Right	44.44	10.66	49.13	9.13	4.727	0.0021
		Left	41.93	11.78	44.63	10.61	1.783	0.1178
	Peak torque/body weight [%]	Right	68.39	11.11	77.49	8.41	6.974	0.0002
		Left	65.14	15.37	69.81	13.04	1.984	0.0877
	Total work [J]	Right	531.39	145.57	607.19	123.65	4.760	0.0021
		Left	484.05	157.76	548.48	162.82	4.324	0.0035
	Average power [W]	Right	71.34	16.78	83.23	14.61	7.031	0.0002
		Left	67.38	21.63	74.90	22.29	2.974	0.0207
300°/s	Peak torque [N-m]	Right	38.39	3.57	39.94	3.62	4.116	0.0045
		Left	36.63	5.03	39.24	6.31	2.457	0.0436
	Peak torque/body weight [%]	Right	61.85	5.07	63.15	5.32	3.111	0.0171
		Left	60.16	11.99	61.24	12.10	0.422	0.6857
	Total work [J]	Right	383.69	91.82	467.25	84.62	10.933	<0.0001
		Left	357.13	97.64	419.35	92.24	3.672	0.0079
	Average power [W]	Right	72.13	17.76	85.55	16.63	9.695	0.0000
		Left	67.69	22.38	79.55	25.58	2.508	0.0405
Knee flexors
Joint angle	Parameter	Leg	Before exercise		After exercise		Student’s -test
			Mean	SD	Mean	SD
60°/s	Peak torque [N-m]	Right	34.80	7.80	40.36	6.74	3.341	0.0124
		Left	33.53	9.88	37.25	8.99	1.500	0.1774
	Peak torque/body weight [%]	Right	57.54	13.84	67.55	11.28	4.678	0.0023
		Left	58.09	18.19	63.63	15.39	1.344	0.2208
	Total work [J]	Right	188.25	48.42	237.53	41.56	4.137	0.0044
		Left	191.46	69.09	223.81	53.06	2.469	0.0429
	Average power [W]	Right	20.24	5.30	24.16	4.52	6.871	0.0002
		Left	19.79	7.78	22.73	6.33	1.846	0.1074
180°/s	Peak torque [N-m]	Right	26.20	4.91	31.38	7.36	2.815	0.0260
		Left	24.83	5.91	30.41	7.89	2.834	0.0253
	Peak torque/body weight [%]	Right	43.64	8.70	48.78	9.04	3.744	0.0072
		Left	41.18	12.17	45.95	12.49	4.779	0.0020
	Total work [J]	Right	235.31	54.22	280.59	67.94	5.006	0.0016
		Left	211.30	63.32	266.34	70.07	6.898	0.0002
	Average power [W]	Right	30.49	6.25	37.35	8.52	5.053	0.0015
		Left	27.96	8.48	35.29	8.86	8.909	0.0000
300°/s	Peak torque [N-m]	Right	25.61	3.93	26.48	4.42	1.842	0.1080
		Left	25.96	3.93	27.24	4.04	4.295	0.0036
	Peak torque/body weight [%]	Right	42.13	4.89	42.84	5.26	1.164	0.2826
		Left	42.11	6.80	43.88	6.50	4.760	0.0021
	Total work [J]	Right	154.54	48.26	175.24	56.40	2.604	0.0352
		Left	138.93	60.54	183.31	62.88	3.297	0.0132
	Average power [W]	Right	27.21	7.28	31.28	8.45	2.908	0.0227
		Left	23.84	10.01	31.99	9.53	4.289	0.0036

Significance of changes at level .