Effect of Workplace- versus Home-Based Physical Exercise on Muscle Response to Sudden Trunk Perturbation among Healthcare Workers: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Table 2
Baseline, follow-up, and between-group differences at follow-up and within-group effect size for the mechanical and the EMG parameters of the loading and unloading perturbation and preactivation EMG measured immediately before each perturbation. Values are means (95% confidence interval). All values are adjusted for baseline value.
WORK
HOME
Differences at follow-up
0 weeks
10 weeks
Effect size
0 weeks
10 weeks
Effect size
Mean
95% CI
Mean
95% CI
Mean
95% CI
Mean
95% CI
Mean
95% CI
Load
Stopping time (ms)
362
(358–366)
352
(347–357)
<0.01
−0.23
360
(355–365)
351
(346–356)
<0.01
−0.21
1.2
(−6–8.4)
0.84
Stopping distance (mm)
178
(174–181)
167
(164–171)
<0.01
−0.32
178
(175–182)
166
(162–170)
<0.01
−0.38
1.5
(−0.7–3.9)
0.52
EMG onset latency (ms)
94
(90–98)
88
(83–93)
0.09
−0.12
95
(90–99)
95
(89–101)
0.90
0.01
−6.8
(−14.6–0.9)
0.22
EMG peak (% of max)
81
(75–86)
83
(77–89)
0.51
0.07
81
(75–87)
89
(82–97)
0.08
0.22
−5.9
(−15.7–3.8)
0.37
Unload
Stopping time (ms)
371
(363–379)
358
(350–367)
0.02
−0.12
374
(365–383)
351
(342–361)
<0.01
−0.23
7.0
(−6.1–20.2)
0.18
Stopping distance (mm)
263
(256–270)
258
(250–266)
0.27
−0.06
265
(257–273)
258
(250–267)
0.16
−0.09
−0.1
(−1.2–1.1)
0.75
EMG shut-off (ms)
97
(77–116.5)
72
(47.9–96.5)
0.13
−1.42
93
(70.6–115.7)
79
(51–107)
0.44
−0.83
−6.6
(−43.8–30.6)
0.68
EMG peak (% of max)
50
(48–53)
46
(43–50)
0.04
−0.14
51
(47–54)
47
(43–52)
0.17
−0.11
−1.1
(−6.4–4.3)
0.79
EMG unload (%)
6.6
(6-7)
6.1
(5–7)
0.25
−0.11
6.6
(6-7)
7.5
(7-8)
0.08
0.20
−1.4
(−2.6–−0.2)
0.04
Pre
EMG preactivation (% of max)
9.1
(8.5–9.6)
8.1
(7.5–8.8)
0.02
−0.16
9.0
(8.4–9.7)
9.8
(9.1–10.6)
0.07
0.13
−1.7
(−2.7–−0.7)
<0.01
HOME: home-based physical exercise, WORK: work-based physical exercise. Negative effect sizes denote a within-group decrease from baseline to follow-up.
