Tetramethylpyrazine Enhances Vascularization and Prevents Osteonecrosis in Steroid-Treated Rats

Figure 4

Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) enhances femoral head neovascularization. (a) Representative images of micro-CT reconstructed 3-dimensional microangiography of proximal femur from control, model, TMP 20 mg/kg, and TMP 40 mg/kg groups. Statistical analysis on the differences of vessel volume (b), vessel thickness (c), percentage of vessel volume (d), and vessel surface (e) in the femoral heads of steroid-induced ONFH rats in different groups. Data are represented as the mean ± S.D. (). ^###, compared with the control group. and , respectively, compared with the model group.

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