| | Cluster ID (count) | Description on chemical structures | Related biological activities |
| | Cluster 1 (55 VOCs) | All compounds are terpenoids. 15 VOCs are monoterpenoids (10 carbon units) and 40 VOCs are sesquiterpenoids (15 carbon units). | Anticholinesterase, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and defense. |
| | Cluster 2 (33 VOCs) | 17 VOCs are alcohol, aldehyde, ketone, epoxide, and ester of terpenoids. The other VOCs are alcohol, aldehyde, carboxylic acid, ester, and ketone of straight-chain alkenes. | Anticholinesterase, antimicrobial, and antioxidant. |
| | Cluster 3 (41 VOCs) | Alkanes. | Biomarker. |
| | Cluster 4 (18 VOCs) | Alkenes. | Antifungal. |
| | Cluster 5 (21 VOCs) | Aldehyde, ester, carboxylic acid, and ketone of C8–C18 alkanes. | Anticholinesterase, antimicrobial, antioxidant, biomarker, and repellent. |
| | Cluster 6 (25 VOCs) | 21 VOCs are alcohol and ether of C3–C8 alkanes. | Plant growth enhancement and root growth inhibition and odor. |
| | Cluster 7 (47 VOCs) | 45 VOCs are ester, carboxylic acid, ketone, and aldehyde of noncyclic C2–C9 alkanes. | Attractant and biomarker. |
| | Cluster 8 (15 VOCs) | VOCs consist of epoxide, ethers, esters, and alcohols. | — |
| | Cluster 9 (42 VOCs) | 24 VOCs are aromatic alcohols, carboxylic acids, esters, ketones, and ethers. 16 VOCs are aromatic compounds consisting of C and H atoms. One VOC consists of C, H, and Br atoms. One VOC is an alkane ester. | Attractant. |
| | Cluster 10 (14 VOCs) | Aromatic compounds. 12 VOCs are heteroaromatic compounds that consist of one or more sulfur, nitrogen, or oxygen atoms. | Biomarker. |
| | Cluster 11 (30 VOCs) | VOCs are quite diverse in chemical elements, C0–C6 small molecules. | Biomarker. |
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