Review Article

Nuclear Medicine in Diagnosis of Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis: An Update

Table 4

Nuclear medicine (NM) in the diagnosis of prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE): review of the literature.

NM imaging modalitiesNumber of articles/number of patientsType of paper/reference/year

18F-FDG-PET/TC1/not valuable Review/[8]/2013
1/72Prospective study/[7]/2013
2/2Case report/[9, 10]/2013, 2009
1/6Case series/[11]/2014

CT angiography and 18F-FDG-PET1/7Case series/[12]/2013

111Indium labeled leukocytes scintigraphy2/2Case report/[13, 14]/1990, 1988
1/2Case series/[15]/1989

67Gallium citrate-SPECT and SPECT/TC4/4Case report/[16ā€“19]/2005, 2009, 2002, 1991

99mTechnetium-HMPAO-WBC-SPECT/TC1/131Prospective study/[20]/2012
1/42Prospective study/[21]/2013

99mTechnetium anti-G mAb-SPECT1/1Case report/[22]/1991
1/38Prospective study/[23]/1995

FDG: fluorodeoxyglucose; PET/TC: positron emission tomography/computed tomography; CT: computed tomography; SPECT/TC: single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography; HMPAO: hexamethylpropylene amine oxime; WBC: white blood cells; anti-G mAb: anti-human granulocytes antibodies.