Nuclear Medicine in Diagnosis of Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis: An Update
Table 2
Major criteria according to Li et al. [6] and new major criteria according to Saby et al. [7] for the diagnosis of prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE).
Blood culture positive for infective endocarditis (i) Typical microorganisms consistent with infective endocarditis from 2 separate blood cultures. Viridans streptococci, Streptococcus bovis, HACEK group, Staphylococcus aureus,or community-acquired enterococci, in the absence of a primary focus (ii) Microorganisms consistent with infective endocarditis from persistently positive blood cultures, defined as follows. ≥2 positive cultures of blood samples drawn >12 h apart or all of 3 or a majority of ≥4 separate cultures of blood (with first and last sample drawn at least 1 h apart) (iii) Single positive blood culture for Coxiella burnetii or antiphase I IgG antibody titer >1 : 800 Evidence of endocardial involvement (i) Echocardiogram (TTE and/or TEE) positive for infective endocarditis defined as follows. Oscillating intracardiac mass on valve or supporting structures, in the path of regurgitant jets, or on implanted material in the absence of an alternative anatomic explanation or abscess or new partial dehiscence of prosthetic valve (ii) New valvular regurgitation (worsening or changing of preexisting murmur not sufficient).
Duke major criteria and positive 18F-FDG PET/CT: abnormal FDG uptake at the site of prosthetic valve
