The human body contains a few inorganic metal ions that play an imperative role in several biological functions and are considered to be essential constituents of the body. Balanced levels of the essential bioinorganic metal ions are always desirable and their role in well-being is established. There are several other non-essential metal ions that can play a vital role in curing diseases and improving human health. However, their biocompatibility and toxicity must be understood and established. Advancements in technology and especially nanotechnology-based non-essential inorganic metals are promising and their role in medicine and pharmaceutics is incredible.

Bio-synthesis of inorganic metals at the nanoscale level is found to be benign and gaining popularity among researchers due to its simplicity and economical synthesis of nanomaterials without the formation of any hazardous by-products. Moreover, bio-synthesized nanomaterials are biocompatible and find wide applications in medicine as well as in pharmaceutical products. For example, bio-synthesized gold nano-rods are effectively used in killing cancerous cells by the photo-thermal ablation method. Similarly, silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles are prolifically used as antimicrobial agents in pharmaceutical formulations. Thus, it is essential to highlight the application of bio-synthesized inorganic nanomaterials in medicine and pharmaceutical formulations.

This Special Issue aims to highlight the photodynamic therapy applications of bio-synthesized nanomaterials. We welcome both original research and review articles.

Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

• Synthesis and characterization of bio-synthesized noble metal nanoparticles
• Bio-fabrication of metal oxide nanomaterials and their surface modifications
• Cytotoxicity assessments of bio-synthesized noble metal and metal oxide nanomaterials
• Photodynamic therapy applications of inorganic nanomaterials
• Fate and discharge of bio-inorganic nanomaterials post photodynamic therapy
• Synergy of chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy with bio-inorganic nanomaterials