Hazardous Effects of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles in Ecosystem

<div>The apoptosis induced by TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs. The TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs-induced apoptosis mostly follows the intrinsic pathway. TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs enter the cell, induce ROS generation, and then enter the nucleus causing DNA damage. The DNA damage is sensed by sensor proteins (ATM/ATR) as a consequence of which p53 is upregulated, which further activates Bax (promoter of apoptosis) and inhibits Bcl2 (inhibitor of Bax).</div>

Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications

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Figure 3

Figure 3: Hazardous Effects of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles in Ecosystem 