HIV, HCV, and HBV are genetically heterogeneous, including a broad spectrum of genotypes and subtypes. Both genotypes and their subtypes show a varied prevalence globally and raise several issues related to their transmission and treatment. The emergence of resistance-associated mutations to the antiviral agents and the genetic variability impose challenges to therapeutic success. All this information has a great significance while planning future strategies for eradication and therapeutic management. For example, regional surveillance of the resistance profile and subtypes circulation is crucial in the context of public health, to prevent the transmission of resistant strains and to guide the introduction of new drugs in a specific population.

We invite investigators to contribute original research articles as well as review articles that will stimulate the continuing efforts to understand the molecular epidemiology of HIV and hepatitis viruses, its relationship with therapeutic strategies, the insurgence of resistant mutations first of all to the new antiviral compounds, and the association with human genome variability. Potential topics include, but not limited to:

• Genetic signatures in HIV and hepatitis genes correlated with different outcomes of therapy
• HIV and hepatitis genetic evolution in longitudinally followed patients
• Spread of subtypes and recombinants
• Identification of biomarkers of treatment response
• Role of host-related genetic markers in the response to antiviral therapy
• Correlation between host immune response and viruses variability

Before submission authors should carefully read over the journal's Author Guidelines, which are located at http://www.hindawi.com/journals/av/guidelines/. Prospective authors should submit an electronic copy of their complete manuscript through the journal Manuscript Tracking System at http://mts.hindawi.com/ according to the following timetable: