Country World Bank Classification as of year 2018 Study setup Prevalence (seasons or defined period of incidence) Method used Rate of Detected Genotypes Reference Study population Population size Study setting Duration of study Bangladesh Lower middle income Infants/ Children 917 HP with AGE From 2004 to 2005 Oct 2004 – Jan 2005, RT-PCR 2.7 % SV All in <3 yrs of age Dey et al [20 ] Brazil Upper middle income Children 305 HP severe GE From March to September 2003 March, May - September RT-PCR 15/305 (4.9%), mixed infection of SV and Astv in 1 sample Aragao et al [21 ] Children (0 – 10 yrs 159 OP (81 = diar; 78 = non-diar) From April 2008 to July 2010 February, April RT-PCR 2 of 81: 2.5% SV (GI.1, GII.2) Aragao et al [22 ] Children (6-55 mn old) 539 Day Care (Healthy) From October 2009 to October 2011 Not defined RT- multiplex PCR 25/539 (4.6%) SV, de Oliveira et al [23 ] Children, outpatients 212 HP From 2012 to 2014 Not defined Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) 12/341 (3.5%) [9/12 – HP, 3/12 – OP]. Fioretti et al [24 ] Children 426 HP with AGE From January 2010 to October 2011 Aug & Sept RT-PCR 6/156 (3.8%), Reymao et al [25 ] Children 172 Community From 1990 t0 1992 Not defined Nested PCR 9/172 (5.2%) Costa et al [26 ] China Upper Middle income Children 500 OP with acute (477)/ persistent (23) diar From August to November 2010 Aug – Nov 2010 RT-PCR 9/477: 1.89% SV (<24 month children Ren et al [27 ] Patients (1mn – 78yrs) 412 HP & OP with AGE From August 2014 to September 2015 Not defined RT-PCR [9/412] 2.2% SV single infection, Co-infection: 2/412 ETEC with SV, 1/412 Salmonella sp with SV, 1/412 Salmonella sp with SV & AdV Genogroups not defined Shen et al [28 ] India (New Delhi) Lower middle income Children <10yrs 226 HP with AGE From August 2000 to December 2001 Not defined Multiplex two-step RT-PCR 23/226 (39%), mixed infection in 5 samples Rachakonda et al [29 ] Iran Upper middle income Children 200 HP with AGE From 2008 to 2009 Winter and in fall RT-PCR 6/200 (3%), Parsa-Nahad et al [30 ] Patients (3 mn - 69yrs; mean 15.3yrs 42 HP with AGE From May to July 2009 May – July 2009 RT-PCR 11.9% SV (patients with <5yrs of age Romani et al [31 ] Mongolia Lower middle income Infants 36 households From July to August 2003 Jul – Aug 2003 RT-PCR 1/36 (2.8%) pos for SV Hansman et al [11 , 12 ] Nicaragua Lower middle income Children <5yrs 330 (175 HP; 155 OP), with AGE /diar From September 2009 to October 2010 Nov 2009- Feb/Mar 2010, May-Aug/Sept 2010 Real-time PCR 57/330 (17%): HP = 15% [27/175], OP = 19% [30/155] . Bucardo et al [32 ] Pakistan Lower middle income Infants 122 Pos: Enteric Viruses HP with AGE From 1990 to 1994 Mar, Aug - Oct RT-PCR 13.9% SV detection (12.3% SV mono-infections, 1.6 mixed infection – AstV & SV), SV-GI Phan et al [33 ] Infants & children <1 mn – 5yrs 517 HP with AGE From 1990 to 1994 1990: Aug, Sept, Oct RT-PCR 3.2 % SV Phan et al [34 ] Papua New Guinea (Goroka) Lower middle income Children <5yrs 199 HP with AGE From August 2009 to November 2010 Not defined RT-PCR 4/199 (2%) SV, Genogroups not defined Soli et al [35 ] Peru Upper middle income Children <2yrs 599 300 non-diar, 299 diar From 2007 to 2010 Four seasons Quantitative reverse transcription-real-time PCR (qPCR) 9.0% overall: 12.4 [37/299] diarrhoeal – SV-GI/1/2/6/7, GII.1/2/4/5, GIV, GV/1; 5.7 [17/300] non-diarrhoeal – SV-GII.5, GIV Liu et al [36 ] Philippines Lower middle income Children <5yrs 417 HP with AGE From June 2012 to August 2013 Not defined Real-time PCR 29/417 (7%) detection, (co-infection in 10/29: 6/10 with RV, 2/10 with NV, 2/10 with AstV). Liu et al [1 , 2 ] Thailand Upper middle income Infants 80 randomly selected HP with AGE From November 2002 to April 2003 Nov 2002 – April 2003 RT-PCR 15%: 11% single infection, 4% mixed infection – NoV & SV), Guntapong et al [37 ] Children <5yrs 248 HP with AGE From 2002 to 2004 Not defined RT-PCR 3/248 (1.2%) SV- single infections Khamrin et al [38 ] Children 296 HP with AGE From May 2000 to March 2002 Jun-Jul, Jan-Mar, May-Jul, Mar. RT-PCR 25%, mixed infection I 1 sample (NV-GI and SV) Malasao et al [39 ] All age groups 273 HP with AGE/diar From January 2006 to February 2007 Early summer: March & April RT-PCR 0.8% SV Kittigul et al [40 ] Children (Neonate to 5yrs old) 147 HP with AGE/watery January to December 2005 Not defined RT-PCR 5/147 (3.4%) SV Khamrin et al [41 ] Pediatric patients 160 HP with AGE January to December 2007 Throughout the year RT-multiplex PCR 5/160 (3.1%) SV Genogroup not defined Chaimongkol et al [42 ] Children <5yrs 567 HP with AGE In 2007, and from 2010 to 2011 2007: Feb, Sept, Oct. & 2010: Dec Semi-nested RT-PCR 7/567 (1.2%), Chaimongkol et al [43 ] Adult (15yrs – 90yrs) 332 HP with diar Year 2008 Not defined RT- multiplex PCR No SV detected Saikruang et al [44 ] Patients 1141 HP with AGE From 2006 to 2008 May - July RT-PCR 1.1% SV, mixed infection of NoV-GII & SV in 2 samples Genogroup not defined Pongsuwanna et al [45 ] Vietnam Lower middle income Children 448 HP with acute sporadic gastroenteritis From December 1999 to November 2000 Not defined RT-PCR 1/448 (0.2%) SV Hansman et al [46 ] Paediatric patients 1010 HP with viral AGE From October 2002 to September 2003 Oct 2002 – Sep 2003, RT-PCR 0.8% SV (0.4% monoinfection, 0.4% coinfection), Genogroup not defined Nguyen et al [47 ] Pediatric 502 HP with AGE From December 2005 to November 2006 Dry season RT-PCR 1.2% SV Nguyen et al [48 ] Children <5yrs 501 HP with AGE From November 2007 to October 2008 Cooler months (Oct – Feb) Real-time RT-PCR 1.4% SV Trang et al [49 ] Independent States of the former Soviet Union See information below describing the States Children 495 HP with AGE From January to December 2009 Jan - Mar, May – Aug Real-time PCR 16/495 (3.2%) Chhabra et al [50 ]
