AMBRA1, Autophagy, and the Extreme Male Brain Theory of Autism
Table 1
Sex and genotype variation for the Autism Quotient and Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire subscales, for the AMBRA1 SNP rs3802890.
Questionnaires
Sex differences
Genotype differences by sex
AQ and SPQ subscales
Sex
Mean (SD)
t, ( after FDR adjustment)
Sex
Genotype AA, mean (SD) (Females N = 160, males N = 100)
Genotype AG, mean (SD) (Females N = 121, males N = 102)
Genotype GG, mean (SD) (Females N = 27, males N = 21)
F, ( after FDR adjustment)
AQ-Social
Females Males
2.40 (2.25) 2.16 (2.09)
1.27, 020 (0.27)
Females Males
2.75 (2.45) 2.15 (2.27)
2.07 (1.95) 2.13 (1.97)
1.78 (1.93) 2.33 (1.85)
4.23, 0.014 (0.169) 0.08, 0.919 (0.978)
AQ-Communication
Females Males
2.34 (1.88) 2.07 (1.70)
1.75, 0.08 (0.15)
Females Males
2.57 (2.08) 2.12 (1.70)
2.01 (1.55) 2.00 (1.74)
2.44 (1.76) 2.14 (1.59)
3.23, 0.041 (0.326) 0.15, 0.863 (0.978)
AQ-Imagination
Females Males
2.09 (1.58) 2.54 (1.65)
3.18, 0.0016 (0.0095)
Females Males
2.14 (1.53) 2.52 (1.68)
1.81 (1.52) 2.51 (1.63)
3.04 (1.74) 2.81 (1.57)
7.16, 0.0009 (0.022) 0.30, 0.738 (0.978)
AQ-Attention to Detail
Females Males
5.48 (2.17) 5.50 (1.99)
0.138, 0.89 (0.97)
Females Males
5.41 (2.26) 5.54 (1.94)
5.64 (2.03) 5.45 (1.98)
5.15 (2.23) 5.57 (2.31)
0.71, 0.494 (0.978) 0.06, 0.938 (0.978)
AQ-Attention Switching
Females Males
5.00 (2.03) 4.71 (1.81)
1.71, 0.088 (0.15)
Females Males
5.09 (2.14) 4.75 (1.77)
4.76 (1.91) 4.65 (1.85)
5.56 (1.85) 4.85 (1.90)
2.01, 0.136 (0.653) 0.15, 0.857 (0.978)
SPQ-Ideas of Reference
Females Males
17.06 (4.26) 16.16 (3.95)
2.52, 0.012 (0.036)
Females Males
17.15 (4.38) 15.93 (3.98)
16.60 (4.13) 16.28 (4.00)
18.63 (3.79) 16.67 (3.62)
2.59, 0.077 (0.460) 0.39, 0.677 (0.978)
SPQ-Constricted Affect
Females Males
14.75 (4.99) 15.39 (4.73)
1.51, 0.131 (0.20)
Females Males
14.72 (5.14) 15.29 (4.31)
14.69 (4.77) 15.40 (5.21)
15.15 (5.16) 15.81 (4.40)
0.10, 0.908 (0.978) 0.10, 0.901 (0.978)
SPQ-Eccentric Behavior
Females Males
11.96 (3.91) 11.96 (3.65)
0.009, 0.993 (0.99)
Females Males
12.16 (4.14) 11.99 (3.73)
11.73 (3.60) 12.03 (3.67)
11.19 (3.88) 11.52 (3.20)
1.21, 0.300 (0.978) 0.17, 0.843 (0.978)
SPQ-Social Anxiety
Females Males
11.81 (4.12) 11.17 (3.57)
1.99, 0.048 (0.11)
Females Males
11.98 (4.40) 10.98 (3.28)
11.52 (3.77) 11.21 (3.84)
12.33 (3.97) 11.81 (3.54)
0.62, 0.538 (0.978) 0.48, 0.616 (0.978)
SPQ-Magical Ideation
Females Males
8.59 (3.76) 6.98 (3.25)
5.26, 2.1 × 10 −7 (2.5 × 10 −6 )
Females Males
8.73 (4.01) 6.88 (3.04)
8.28 (3.48) 7.01 (3.61)
9.15 (3.40) 7.33 (2.31)
0.81, 0.446 (0.978) 0.18, 0.840 (0.978)
SPQ-Perceptual Aberration
Females Males
10.29 (3.03) 10.15 (2.56)
0.59, 0.56 (0.66)
Females Males
10.42 (3.17) 10.15 (2.84)
10.05 (2.86) 10.18 (2.32)
10.63 (2.94) 10.05 (2.42)
0.71, 0.494 (0.978) 0.02, 0.978 (0.978)
SPQ-Odd Speech
Females Males
13.41 (3.02) 12.66 (2.93)
2.88, 0.0042 (0.017)
Females Males
13.48 (3.15) 12.28 (3.07)
13.27 (2.87) 13.05 (2.83)
13.59 (2.92) 12.52 (2.60)
0.21, 0.810 (0.978) 1.77, 0.172 (0.688)
Boldface text indicates differences that remain significant after FDR adjustments. Total autism and schizotypy scores were not significant for either sex, nominally or after FDR.
