Review Article

Organ-Preserving Surgery for Penile Carcinoma

Table 1

TNM classification of penile carcinoma (1997/2002).

T-Primary tumor

TX Primary tumor cannot be assessed
T0 No evidence of primary tumor
Tis Carcinoma in situ
Ta Non-invasive verrucous carcinoma
T1 Tumor invades subepithelial connective tissue
T2 Tumor invades corpus spongiosum or cavernosum
T3 Tumor invades urethra or prostate
T4 Tumor invades other adjacent structures

N-Regional lymph nodes

NX Regional lymph nodes cannot be assessed
N0 No evidence of lymph node metastasis
N1 Metastasis in a single inguinal lymph node
N2 Metastasis in multiple or bilateral superficial lymph nodes
N3 Metastasis in deep inguinal or pelvic lymph nodes, unilateral or bilateral

M-Distant metastasis

MX Distant metastases cannot be assessed
M0 No evidence of distant metastases
M1 Distant metastases