Review Article
Vesicoureteral Reflux, Reflux Nephropathy, and End-Stage Renal Disease
Table 1
Characteristics of studies reporting CKD and ESRD data for VUR.
| | Study | N (males) | Mean length of F/U in years (range) | % with reflux >/= grade 3 | Incidence of CKD (upper limit of GFR for CKD in mL/s per 1.73 m2) | Incidence of ESRD | Predictors of ESRD/CKD |
| | Ardissino, J Urol, 2004 [21] | 322 (245) | >5 | 95% | N/A—CKD was an inclusion requirement | 56% | Proteinuria, CrCl <0.67 mL/s/1.73 m2 | | Caione, BJU Int, 2004 [23] | 50 (42) | 6.3 (1–16) | 100% | 54% (1.3) | 0% | Creatinine r >53 umol/L in the first year | | Neild, BMC Neph, 2004 [24] | 44 (22) | NR | Not reported (NR) | N/A—CKD was an inclusion requirement | N/A | Proteinuria, GFR < CrCl <0.83 mL/s/1.73 m2 | | Lahdes-Vasama, NDT, 2006 [25] | 267 (58) | 37 (27–48) | NR | 67% (1.5) | 9% | Bilateral scarring | | Mor, BJU Int, 2003 [26] | 100 (21) | 20–30 | NR | 1% (1.5) | 0 | NR | | Silva, Ped Neph, 2006 [27] | 735 (208) | 6.3 (0.5–34) | 60% of renal units | 3.1% (<1.25) | 1.5% | Hypertension | | Silva, Ped Neph, 2006 [28] | 184 (69) | 6.5 (1.1–34) | 100% | 15% | 5.4% | Bilateral VUR, grade V VUR, diagnosis before 1990, diagnosis at age >24 months |
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