Treating HIV infection continues to be a major challenge worldwide. Limited resource countries are particularly affected by this epidemic and plans for medical management in these settings must acknowledge the challenges. While there have been several recent publications discussing the operational challenges/infrastructural constraints of delivering antiretroviral therapy in resource-limited settings, less attention has been paid to the medical and technological challenges. The issue will be a forum for discussion of the challenges facing the field and how they can be most meaningfully addressed in the near future. We invite authors to submit original research papers or review articles that will stimulate debate and discussion. Topics to be considered include but are not limited to the following:

• When to initiate treatment in resource-limited settings
• How to monitor treatment (e.g., is monitoring for viral load absolutely necessary and is it feasible)
• Regimen selection—what are the realistic options
• Management of side effects and toxicity—challenges and solutions in resource-limited settings
• Reasons for high mortality among patients on ART in resource poor settings
• The prevalence of resistance to antiretroviral drugs and how to assess this

Before submission authors should carefully read over the journal's Author Guidelines, which are located at http://www.hindawi.com/journals/art/guidelines/. Prospective authors should submit an electronic copy of their complete manuscript through the journal Manuscript Tracking System at http://mts.hindawi.com/ according to the following timetable: