Perceived Stigma and Its Association with Gender and Disclosure Status among People Living with HIV/AIDS and Attending Antiretroviral Therapy Clinics in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Table 1
The characteristics studies are included in the current systematic review and meta-analysis.
Author
Year
Region
Assessment tool
ST
N
population
Prevalence of perceived stigma (%)
Key findings
Mean (±SD)
Theodros S. et al.
2008
OROMIA
HIV stigma psychometric assessment scale
CS
270
HIV+ Adults
72.2
Gender and disclosing HIV-positive status were not significantly associated with perceived stigma.
72.20 (%)
61.1
Adane B et al.
2020
AHMARA
40-point HIV stigma psychometric assessment scale
SS
415
HIV+ Adults
41.93
Stigma was associated with female gender (AOR = 2.08, 95% CI: (1.26, 3.46)), and not disclosing HIV status (AOR = 2.36, 95% CI: (1.19, 4.66)).
41.93
Melis T et al.
2020
SNNPR
HIV stigma psychometric assessment scale
CS
399
HIV+ Adults
28.8
Stigma was associated with female gender being a female (AOR: 2.5; 95% CI: (1.41,4.12)) and disclosing HIV positive status (AOR: 6; 95% CI: (2.3, 14.9))
28.80
Tamirat S et al.
2021
AHMARA
HIV-stigma scale
SS
395
HIV+ Adults
45.3
Gender and disclosure status were not significantly associated with perceived stigma
45.30
Turi E et al.
2021
OROMIA
HIV-stigma scale
CS
418
HIV+ Adults
48.6
Stigma was associated with female sex (AOR = 2.10, 95% CI 1.15–3.82) and nondisclosure of HIV status (AOR = 2.00, 95% CI: 1.11–3.59)
48.60
Parcesepe A et al.
2018
OROMIA
HIV-related stigma
SS
1175
HIV+ Adults
62.2
Gender and disclosure status were not significantly associated with perceived stigma
62.20
Yigrem A et al.
2016
SNNPR
HIV stigma scale
SS
403
HIV+ Adults
42.7
Stigma was associated with Females (AOR = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.28–4.33) and disclosure status was not significantly associated with perceived stigma
42.70
Fido et al.
2016
OROMIA
HIV stigma scale
CS
318
HIV+ Adults
61.1
Female gender (β = 6.73 (3.3–10.2)) and disclosure status were not significantly associated with perceived stigma
