Overweight and Obesity among Recipients of Antiretroviral Therapy at HIV Clinics in Gaborone, Botswana: Factors Associated with Change in Body Mass Index
Table 4
Characteristics and bivariate analysis of study participants by BMI at their last clinic visit (BMI-2) at Princess Marina Hospital and Bontleng anti-retroviral therapy clinics in Botswana categorized as underweight, normal and overweight/obesity ().
Characteristics
†BMI after patients’ initiation on ART (BMI-2)
Total
Underweight
Normal BMI
††Overweight/obesity
UOR
-value
Age after ART initiation [years, mean ± SD]
47.6 ± 9.6
50.1 ± 14.1
47.6 ± 9.6
47.3 ± 8.5
—
0.180
ART regimen
Second/third-line, (%)
208 (39.2)
13 (29.5)
101 (43.3)
88 (36.5)
1†
—
First-line, (%)
323 (60.8)
31 (70.5)
132 (56.7)
153 (63.5)
1.2
0.250
Duration of exposure to ART (months, mean ± SD)
84.9 ± 29.7
91.7 ± 28.0
87 ± 30.1
81 ± 29.3
—
0.190
Gender
Male, (%)
163 (30.7)
28 (63.6)
89 (38.2)
45 (18.7)
1†
—
Female, (%)
368 (69.3)
16 (36.4)
144 (61.8)
196 (81.3)
3.0
0.001
CD4 cell count/mm3 at last clinic visit
Median (IQR)
515 (310–691)
444 (270–597)
513 (375–686)
577 (416–732)
—
0.001
CD4 cell count/mm3 categories at last clinic visit
≥350, (%)
421 (79.3)
22 (50.0)
183 (78.5)
216 (89.6)
1†
—
Nadir (0–200), (%)
34 (6.4)
8 (18.2)
17 (7.3)
8 (3.3)
0.29
0.003
201–349, (%)
76 (14.3)
14 (31.8)
33 (14.2)
17 (7.1)
0.27
0.001
DRC
Absent, (%)
442 (83.2)
40 (90.9)
201 (86.3)
189 (78.4)
1†
—
Present, (%)
89 (16.8)
4 (9.1)
32 (13.7)
52 (21.6)
1.88
0.007
ART = antiretroviral therapy; BMI = body mass index; overweight/obesity = overweight or obesity and morbidly obese; UOR = unadjusted odds ratio; DRC = diabetes-related comorbidity; SD = standard deviation; ; †reference group; ††outcome of interest.
