Combination Antiretroviral Therapy for HIV in Rwandan Adults: Clinical Outcomes and Impact on Reproductive Health up to 24 Months

Table 2

Clinical and laboratory characteristics at baseline and during follow-up.

Characteristics	Women pre-cART; ^1	Women on cART; ^1	Men on cART; ^1
Body mass index (median, IQR)—baseline^2	23.6 (21.3–26.5)	22.8 (20.4–27.3)	21.3 (19.2–22.8)
WHO HIV clinical stage—baseline^2
I	84.7	57.4	63.3
II	11.2	26.9	23.5
III	4.1	13.9	11.2
IV	0	1.8	2.0
CD4 T-cell count in cells/L (median, IQR)—baseline^2	511 (414–643)	230 (162–316)	220 (137–279)
CD4 T-cell count in cells/L (median, IQR)—month 12^2	523 (407–713)	338 (241–439)	329 (216–435)
CD4 T-cell count in cells/L (median, IQR)—month 24	341 (292–522)	332 (251–474)	364 (233–436)
Plasma HIV RNA concentration in log10 copies/mL (median, IQR)—baseline^2	3.7 (2.9–4.4)	4.7 (4.0–5.2)	4.9 (4.4–5.4)
Plasma HIV RNA concentration in log10 copies/mL (median, IQR)—month 12^2	3.7 (2.8–4.3)	Undetectable	Undetectable
Plasma HIV RNA concentration in log10 copies/mL (median, IQR)—month 24^2	3.9 (3.1–4.7)	Undetectable	Undetectable
Positive urine pregnancy test (%)—baseline^3	0.5	5.4	NA
Positive HSV-2 serology (%)—baseline	85.9	91.7	79.0
Positive Neisseria gonorrhoeae PCR (%)—baseline	14.0	7.3	Not done
Positive Chlamydia trachomatis PCR (%)—baseline	4.5	4.9	Not done
Positive syphilis serology (%)—baseline	2.5	3.6	2.1
Any high-risk or low-risk HPV (%)—baseline	48.8	61.2	67.9
Any high-risk HPV (%)—baseline	38.4	53.1	43.2
Incidence of pregnancy (per 100 PY, 95% CI)	11.3 (6.8–18.7)	8.0 (4.3–14.9)	NA
Incidence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (per 100 PY, 95% CI)	12.5 (4.7–33.0)	6.7 (2.5–17.9)	Not done
Incidence of Chlamydia trachomatis (per 100 PY, 95% CI)	4.8 (1.2–19.0)	6.6 (2.5–17.5)	Not done
Incidence of syphilis (per 100 PY, 95% CI)	6.0 (3.0–12.0)	6.5 (3.1–13.6)	Not done

Actual sample sizes per variable at baseline ranged from 187 to 199, 102 to 110, and 91 to 100, except for Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis PCR ( in women pre-cART; in women on cART, and this test was not done in men). Actual sample sizes at month 12 ranged from 80 to 85, 85 to 86, and 71 to 74. Actual sample sizes at month 24 ranged from 9 to 12, 42 to 44, and 27 to 29.
²The difference between women pre-cART and women and men on cART combined is statistically significant at .
³The difference between women pre-cART and women on cART is statistically significant at .