Impact of Peripheral Nerve Block Technique on Incidence of Phrenic Nerve Palsy in Shoulder Surgery

Table 1

Summary of data from studies of the effect of modifications of the ISB on HDP incidence (n = 13).

Study	Approach	n	Local anaesthetic			Guidance	Total HDP incidence (%)
			Type	Volume (mL)	Concentration (%)
Urmey and Gloeggler [72]	Lateral	10	Mepivacaine	20.0	1.50	Landmark (Winnie)	100.0
	Lateral	10	Mepivacaine	45.0	1.50	Landmark (Winnie)	100.0
Riazi et al. [73]	Lateral	20	Ropivacaine	5.0	0.50	US, NS	45.0
	Lateral	20	Ropivacaine	20.0	0.50	US, NS	100.0
Renes et al. [41]	Lateral	15	Ropivacaine	10.0	0.75	US	13.3
	Meier	15	Ropivacaine	10.0	0.75	NS	93.3
Lee et al. [74]	Lateral	30	Ropivacaine	5.0	0.75	US	33.0
	Lateral	30	Ropivacaine	10.0	0.75	US	60.0
Sinha et al. [75]	Lateral	15	Ropivacaine	10.0	0.50	US	93.3
	Lateral	15	Ropivacaine	20.0	0.50	US	93.3
Wong et al. [76]	Lateral	23	Ropivacaine	20.0	0.10	US, NS	34.8
	Lateral	24	Ropivacaine	20.0	0.20	US, NS	66.7
Jadon et al. [77]	Lateral	50	Ropivacaine	30.0	0.50	NS	16.0
	Lateral	50	Ropivacaine (+8 mg dexamethasone)	30.0	0.50	NS	20.0
Palhais et al. [30]	Lateral	20	Bupivacaine	20.0	0.50	US	90.0
	Extrafascial	19	Bupivacaine	20.0	0.50	US	21.0
Zhai et al. [78]	Lateral	30	Ropivacaine	10.0	0.50	US	66.7
	Lateral	30	Ropivacaine	20.0	0.25	US	70.0
Zhai et al. [79]	Lateral	33	Ropivacaine	6.7	0.75	US, NS	58.0
	Lateral	29	Ropivacaine	10.0	0.50	US, NS	69.0
	Lateral	33	Ropivacaine	20.0	0.25	US, NS	70.0
Meena et al. [80]	Lateral	35	Ropivacaine	10.0	0.50	NS	100.0
	Lateral	35	Ropivacaine	20.0	0.50	NS	100.0
Ayyanagouda [44]	Extrafascial	30	Ropivacaine	20.0	0.50	US, NS	17.0
	Lateral	30	Ropivacaine	20.0	0.50	US, NS	46.0
Kim et al. [35]	Lateral 2-point	26	Ropivacaine	10.0	0.50	US	53.8
	Lateral 2-point	26	Ropivacaine	15.0	0.50	US	92.3

US, ultrasound; NS, nerve stimulator.