Relationship between Nontraumatic Shoulder Disorders and Neuropathic Pain: Retrospective Observational Analyses of Clinical Features and Background Factors
Table 1
Patient demographics and differences between patients with (+) and without (−) neuropathic pain.
All patients
Nep (+)
Nep (−)
value
Age (years)
62.7 ± 11.9
60.5 ± 13.9
62.9 ± 11.7
0.441
Sex (%)
Male/female
59.6/40.4
53.3/46.7
60.1/39.9
0.598
Affected side (%)
Dominant/nondominant
62.1/37.9
50.0/50.0
63.1/36.9
0.393
Pain duration (months)
8.3 ± 15.4
6.8 ± 8.4
8.5 ± 15.8
0.685
VAS score (mm)
Rest
21.7 ± 23.1
44.5 ± 22.9
19.8 ± 22.1
<0.001
Motion
57.8 ± 27.2
73.1 ± 19.7
56.5 ± 27.4
0.023
Night
40.4 ± 30.5
59.1 ± 25.5
38.7 ± 30.4
0.012
painDETECT (points)
9.3 ± 7.1
24.6 ± 10.3
8.0 ± 5.1
<0.001
Pain at the first visit
4.8 ± 2.3
6.3 ± 2.2
4.6 ± 2.3
0.012
Most severe pain in the past 4 weeks
7.0 ± 2.4
7.6 ± 1.9
6.9 ± 2.4
0.294
Average pain during the past 4 weeks
5.0 ± 2.2
6.5 ± 2.3
4.9 ± 2.1
0.011
SF-MPQ score (points)
Total
9.3 ± 8.4
16.9 ± 11.4
8.6 ± 7.8
0.003
Sensation
7.5 ± 6.3
13.2 ± 7.9
7.0 ± 5.9
0.001
Emotion
1.8 ± 2.5
3.7 ± 3.7
1.6 ± 2.3
0.014
HADS score (points)
Total
7.8 ± 7.7
11.7 ± 7.6
7.5 ± 7.6
0.024
HADS-D
4.2 ± 4.2
6.5 ± 4.5
4.0 ± 4.2
0.025
HADS-A
3.6 ± 4.0
5.2 ± 3.9
3.5 ± 4.0
0.116
ROM (°)
Flexion
131.6 ± 29.8
115.4 ± 41.4
132.9 ± 28.6
0.159
Abduction
123.2 ± 35.9
115.8 ± 32.8
123.7 ± 36.1
0.463
External rotation
39.2 ± 20.9
33.8 ± 25.8
39.6 ± 20.5
0.337
Internal rotation
12.1 ± 4.6
13.8 ± 5.5
11.9 ± 4.5
0.19
Muscle strength (kg)
Abduction
3.5 ± 2.5
3.7 ± 2.8
3.5 ± 2.4
0.801
External rotation
4.4 ± 2.6
4.3 ± 2.7
4.4 ± 2.6
0.914
Values are presented as means ± standard deviations; values represent the results of statistical comparisons between the groups with and without neuropathic pain. The VAS scores for pain, SF-MPQ score, and HADS score were significantly associated with the presence of neuropathic pain. Patient background factors and physical function were not associated with the presence of neuropathic pain. Nep, neuropathic pain; VAS, visual analog scale; SF-MPQ, short-form McGill pain questionnaire; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; HADS-D, HADS-depression; HADS-A, HADS-anxiety; ROM, range of motion. The P value is bolded to emphasize that the difference is statistically significant (P value <0.05).
