Potential Risk Factors for the Onset of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type 1: A Systematic Literature Review

Table 10

Results summary showing possible risk factors for the onset of CRPS 1 with weighting bias strength and quality and relevance.

Risk factors for CRPS onset	Evidence source	Weighting strength against bias	Quality and relevance of data extraction
Female gender	Puchalski and Zyluk 2005 [34]	Weak	Poor
	Dijkstra et al. 2003 [36, 46]	Weak	Poor
	Dilek et al. 2012 [37]	Weak	Adequate
	Sandroni et al. 2003 [4]	Acceptable	Good
	Allen et al. 1999 [42]	Weak	Adequate
	van Rijn et al. 2007 [22]	Acceptable	Good
Postmenopausal female gender	Beerthuizen et al. 2012 [35]	Acceptable	Good
	Jellad et al. 2014 [38]	Weak	Adequate
	de Mos et al. 2007 [5]	Strong	Good
	Sandroni et al. 2003 [4]	Acceptable	Good
Fracture of distal radius or an ankle dislocation or intra-articular fracture	Beerthuizen et al. 2012 [35]	Acceptable	Good
	Sandroni et al. 2003 [4]	Acceptable	Good
	de Mos et al. 2007 [5]	Strong	Good
	Duman et al. 2007 [43]	Weak	Poor
	Anderson and Fallat 1999 [44]	Weak	Poor
Immobilisation	Allen et al. 1999 [42]	Weak	Adequate
Report of higher than usual; levels of pain in; early phase of trauma	Beerthuizen et al. 2012 [35]	Acceptable	Good
	Jellad et al. 2014 [38]	Weak	Adequate
	Moseley et al. 2014 [41]	Acceptable	Adequate