Review Article

Reverse Methanogenesis and Respiration in Methanotrophic Archaea

Table 2

Domain based (meta)genome comparison of selected metagenomes of methanotrophs and selected genomes of other archaea. Domain abundance in every (meta)genome is indicated by numbers. S-AOM performing ANME include ANME-1-s [40], ANME-1-m [41], and ANME-2a [42]. N-AOM performing ANME include ANME-2d-h [28] and ANME-2d-a [43]. The acetoclastic (A) and methylotrophic (M) methanogens include Methanosarcina acetivorans C2A (AM), Methanosaeta concilii GP6 (A), Methanococcoides burtonii DSM6242 (M-1), Methanolobus tindarius DSM2278 (M-2), and Methanohalophilus mahii DSM5219 (M-3). Hydrogenotrophic methanogens (H) include Methanospirillum hungatei JF-1 (H-1), Methanobacterium formicicum DSM3637 (H-2), Methanococcus maripaludis C5 (H-3), and Methanoregula formicica SMSP (H-4). The sulfate-reducing archaeon (S) is Archaeoglobus fulgidus DSM 4304.

InterPro IDANME-1 SANME-1 MANME-2a ANME-2d HANME-2d AAMAM-1M-2M-3H-1H-2H-3H-4S

Central pathway
Mcr, alpha subunit, N-terminalIPR003183421111111112120
Mcr, alpha subunit, N-terminal subdomain 1IPR015811231111111112120
Mcr, alpha subunit, N-terminal subdomain 2IPR015823222222222224240
Mcr, alpha subunit, C-terminalIPR009047321111111112120
Mcr, alpha/beta subunit, C-terminalIPR008924642222222224240
Mcr, alpha/beta subunit, domain 2, C-terminalIPR022681963333333336360
Mcr, beta subunitIPR003179121111111112120
Mcr, beta subunit, C-terminalIPR022679321111111112120
Mcr, beta subunit, N-terminalIPR022680421111111112120
Mcr, gamma subunitIPR0031781484444444448480
Mcr, protein CIPR007687211111111111110
Mcr, protein C-likeIPR026327522222212222210
Mcr, protein DIPR003901003663333339360
Mcr, ferredoxin-like foldIPR0090241263333333336360
5,10-methylenetetrahydromethanopterin reductaseIPR019946002111111111111
Acetoclastic methanogenesis
CO dehydrogenase/acetyl-CoA synthase complex alpha subunitIPR004460011113111111112
CO dehydrogenase/acetyl-CoA synthase complex beta subunitIPR0044611342224422222242
CO dehydrogenase/acetyl-CoA synthase delta subunitIPR004486511112111111111
CO dehydrogenase/acetyl-CoA synthase delta subunit, TIM barrelIPR0160411125324223332252
CO dehydrogenase b subunit/acetyl-CoA synthase epsilon subunitIPR00370432222422222222 4
Methylotrophic methanogenesis
Methyltransferase MtaA/CmuAIPR006360000007045600100
Methanol-cobalamin methyltransferase, B subunitIPR021079000003022200000
Monomethylamine methyltransferase MtmBIPR0080313000012012211500000
Trimethylamine methyltransferaseIPR0104261100004052200000
Dimethylamine methyltransferase MtbBIPR012653000009066600000
Trimethylamine methyltransferase, MethanosarcinaIPR012740000002011100000
Methylamine methyltransferase corrinoid protein reductive activaseIPR026339000004022200000
C-type cytochromes
Di-haem cytochrome, transmembrane, nitrate reductionIPR016174204374004011001
Doubled CXXCH motifIPR0101773303230000000000
Cytochrome c-like domainIPR00905620601715048600004
Class III cytochrome C (tetraheme cytochrome)IPR020942200330000000000
Tetraheme cytochrome domain, flavocytochrome c3 (Shewanella)IPR012286404542001010002
Octaheme c-type cytochromeIPR024673102000002200001
Methanogenesis multiheme c-type cytochromeIPR027594001001011100000
Multiheme cytochromeIPR011031781552807330681400017
S-layer domains
S-layer family duplication domainIPR006457130291626341916441700000
Sarcinarray family proteinIPR026476006041002100000
S-layer homology domainIPR001119102000000000000
Cell export and cell adhesion
HYR domainIPR003410152000000000000
CARDB domainIPR0116356414156630414090038
Collagen-binding surface protein Cna-like, B-type domainIPR008454412180602200000
von Willebrand factor, type AIPR00203555281732143723174292880277
VWA N-terminalIPR013608120000000000000
Adhesion lipoproteinIPR006128844500530445000
Adhesin BIPR006129034500300403000 
Invasin/intimin cell-adhesion fragmentsIPR0089641703267027012022
Putative cell wall binding repeat 2IPR007253220000000000000
Archaeosortase AIPR014522201221111110021
Archaeosortase BIPR026430000000000100000
Archaeosortase CIPR022504001210011000000
Exosortase/archaeosortase domainIPR026392502531122210121
Exosortase, EpsHIPR013426100100000000000
Exosortase EpsH-relatedIPR019127422321121110121
Archaeosortase family protein ArtEIPR026485000000000000100
Cell wall hydrolase/autolysin, catalyticIPR002508221000000000010
PEF-CTERM protein sorting domainIPR01747400341001019000000
PGF-pre-PGF domainIPR0264531118982407211100011
PGF-CTERM archaeal protein-sorting signalIPR026371946212021210013
LPXTG cell wall anchor domainIPR019931301000110000000
VPXXXP-CTERM protein sorting domainIPR026428000000000500000
Cellulosome-related/Dockerin
Cellulosome anchoring protein, cohesin domainIPR00210280775241220415311004
Dockerin domainIPR016134149112444651724090002
Dockerin type I repeatIPR002105105000000000001
Carbohydrate-binding domains
Carbohydrate-binding domainIPR0089655042392620313230102
Carbohydrate-binding-like foldIPR013784145310190000130061
Carbohydrate-binding, CenC-likeIPR0033051070170000000000
Carbohydrate-binding/sugar hydrolysis domainIPR006633272252227378805218
Carbohydrate-binding domain, family 9IPR010502100020000000000
Bacteroidetes-associated carbohydrate-binding often N-terminalIPR024361001000000000000
Carbohydrate binding module, xylan-binding domainIPR031768000010000000000
Galactose-binding domain-likeIPR008979121176394421300000
Menaquinones
3-Demethylubiquinone-9 3-methyltransferaseIPR028973000330000001000
Succinate dehydrogenase/fumarate reductase, flavoprotein subunitIPR014006001210000100001 
UbiE/COQ5 methyltransferaseIPR004033300221010000000
UbiE/COQ5 methyltransferase, conserved siteIPR023576300220001000000
NrfD familyIPR005614300430000000003
Futalosine hydrolaseIPR019963000110000000000
Cyclic dehypoxanthine futalosine synthaseIPR022431110110000000001
Aminodeoxyfutalosine synthaseIPR022432000110000000000
Menaquinone synthesis (chorismate dehydratase & naphthoate synthase)IPR003773860220000000002
FO synthase, subunit 2IPR020050331332121222223
Phenazines
Phenazine biosynthesis PhzF proteinIPR003719114002000000020