Are Invasive Procedures and a Longer Hospital Stay Increasing the Risk of Healthcare-Associated Infections among the Admitted Patients at Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital, Eastern Ethiopia?
Table 3
Factors associated with HCAIs among the study participates admitted in Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital, Harar, Eastern Ethiopia, 2017.
Characteristics of patients
HCAIs
Crude OR (95% CI)
Adjusted OR (95% CI)
Yes, n (%)
No, n(%)
Sex
Male
14 (48.3)
157 (43.0)
1
Female
15 (51.7)
208 (57.0)
1.24 (0.58–2.64)
Age (in years)
<18
10 (34.5)
112 (30.7)
1
>18
19 (65.5)
253 (69.3)
1.40 (0.64–3.06)
Admission ward
Medical
5 (17.2)
97 (26.6)
1
1
Obs/Gyn
6 (20.7)
97 (26.6)
0.83 (0.25–2.82)
3.49 (0.80–15.19)
Pediatric
7 (24.1)
83 (22.7)
0.54 (0.17–1.69)
2.04 (0.46–9.01)
Surgical
11 (37.9)
88 (24.1)
0.45 (0.15–1.38)
1.30 (0.18–9.31)
History of smoking cigarettes (n = 272)
No
7 (24.1)
212 (83.5)
1
1
Yes
11 (61.1)
42 (16.5)
7.93 (2.91–21.64)
5.18 (2.15–20.47)
History of previous admission
No
21 (72.4)
319 (87.4)
1
1
Yes
8 (27.6)
46 (12.6)
2.64 (1.11–6.31)
5.04 (0.72–35.17)
Length of hospital stay (in days)
<4
20 (69.0)
135 (37.0)
1
1
>4
9 (31.0)
230 (93.2)
3.79 (1.68–8.55)
4.29 (2.31–6.15)
Comorbid conditions
No
22 (75.9)
326 (89.3)
1
1
Yes
7 (24.1)
39 (10.7)
2.66 (1.07–6.63)
3.33 (0.13–32.93)
Presence of antiseptic for hand rubbing
Yes
10 (34.5)
95 (26.0)
1
No
19 (65.5)
270 (74.0)
1.50 (0.67–3.33)
Invasive medical procedures
No
12 (41.4)
253 (69.3)
1
1
Yes
17 (58.6)
112 (80.2)
2.42 (1.13–5.18)
3.58 (1.11–7.52)
Mechanical ventilation
Yes
8 (27.6)
108 (29.6)
1
No
21 (72.4)
257 (70.4)
0.91 (0.39–2.11)
Presence of hand washing material in wards
Yes
9 (31.0)
107 (29.3)
1
No
20 (69.0)
258 (70.7)
1.09 (0.48–2.46)
Presence of medical waste containers in wards
Yes
19 (65.5)
223 (61.1)
1
No
10 (34.5)
142 (38.9)
1.21 (0.55–2.68)
OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; Obs/Gyn: obstetrics/gynecology; value ≤ 0.25; value < 0.05.
