Effective Vaccine Management: The Case of a Rural District in Ghana

Table 3

Knowledge of vaccine users regarding temperature control and vaccine distribution.

Variable	Frequency (%)
Knowledge on temperature control
Have heard of vaccine vial monitor (VVM)	21 (100)
Know the purpose of VVM	13 (61.9)
Could explain how VVM works	8 (38.1)
Know the importance of VVM position on vaccine vial	5 (23.8)
Have heard of the vaccine “shake test”	12 (57.1)
Know the condition requiring “shake test”	3 (25.0)
Could demonstrate the shake test correctly	3 (25.)
Could name vaccines that are sensitive to freezing	4 (19.0)
Know the recommended storage temperature for freeze-sensitive vaccines	4 (19.0)
Have heard of conditioning ice packs	5 (23.8)
Know the purpose for conditioning ice packs	1 (20.0)
Could demonstrate how ice packs are conditioned	1 (20.0)
Have heard of multi-dosed vaccine vial policy	10 (47.6)
Know the period within which open vials can be stored and reuse	3 (30.0)
Could demonstrate how to defrost vaccine fridge	7 (33.3)
Knowledge on sufficient vaccine distribution
Have heard of “vaccine supply period”	6 (29.0)
Know the supply period in the facility	2 (33)
Know the purpose of the supply period	2 (33)
Have heard of FIFO/FEFO/EEFO rule in vaccine distribution	3 (14.3)
Know when to apply FIFO/FEFO/EEFO rule	3 (14.3)

FIFO: first in first out; FEFO: first expiry first out; EEFO: early expiry first out.