Ingestion of Lycosome L-tug Formulation of Dark Chocolate Ameliorates Postprandial Hyperlipidemia and Hyperglycemia in Healthy Volunteers

<table class="fixed-width table-group" id="tab3"><tr><td><table class="table"><colgroup><col style="width:6.76em"/><col style="width:6.54em"/><col style="width:6.72em"/></colgroup><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="3"><hr/></td></tr><tr class="thead"><td class="align_left">Study Groups</td><td class="align_center">“0” Hour</td><td class="align_center">“<svg height="12.3641pt" id="M11" style="vertical-align:-0.2064009pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -12.1577 15.1366 12.3641" width="15.1366pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M285 378C315 398 338 416 353 432C373 451 384 474 384 503C384 579 325 635 236 635H235C182 635 136 610 108 579L65 516L85 496C110 533 150 575 205 575C258 575 300 543 300 481C300 407 232 369 141 339L147 310C163 315 188 321 211 321C268 321 338 284 338 192C338 94 288 40 217 40C160 40 119 68 93 91C85 98 77 97 69 91C60 84 47 71 46 58C44 46 48 35 62 22C75 10 116 -12 162 -12C234 -12 424 62 424 224C424 297 373 359 285 376V378Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,6.24,-5.741)"><path d="M185 344V453C137 433 92 421 41 413V386C100 378 104 375 104 310V106C104 41 97 35 33 30V0H268V30C190 35 185 41 185 107V283C206 340 240 371 267 371C282 371 296 364 310 351C316 344 325 343 336 348C357 357 369 378 369 399C369 424 345 451 310 451C262 451 219 397 187 344H185Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,9.589,-5.741)"><path d="M526 56L493 58C457 61 448 68 448 119V710C411 697 344 682 288 675V646C362 641 367 639 367 573V439C344 448 315 451 300 451C164 451 40 342 40 202C40 61 147 -12 227 -12C239 -12 266 -7 305 16L367 53V-12C427 10 505 21 526 26V56ZM367 88C342 69 306 54 271 54C207 54 133 111 133 229C133 373 219 409 264 409C301 409 342 394 367 359V88Z"></path></g></svg>” hour</td></tr><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="3"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td class="align_center" colspan="3">Ox-LDL (ELISA UNITS x 10<sup>−3</sup>)</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left" colspan="3"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Regular DC</td><td class="align_center">631.58±16.21</td><td class="align_center">611.56±14.11</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left" colspan="3"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Lycopene</td><td class="align_center">644.65±12.95</td><td class="align_center">669.43±15.33</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left" colspan="3"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">L-tug DC</td><td class="align_center">674.78±12.32</td><td class="align_center">521.23±18.2<svg height="10.1524pt" id="M12" style="vertical-align:-0.04990005pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -10.1025 12.4421 10.1524" width="12.4421pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M384 0V27C293 34 287 42 287 114V635C232 613 172 594 109 583V559L157 557C201 555 205 550 205 499V114C205 42 199 34 109 27V0H384Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,6.24,-5.741)"><path d="M486 158C486 177 478 202 466 220C413 228 386 236 336 262C386 288 413 297 466 304C478 323 486 347 485 366C470 376 444 381 422 380C389 338 368 319 321 288C323 345 329 372 349 422C339 442 322 461 305 470C289 461 271 442 262 422C281 372 287 345 290 288C243 319 222 338 189 380C167 381 142 376 125 366C125 347 133 322 145 304C198 296 225 288 275 262C225 236 198 227 145 220C133 201 125 177 126 158C141 148 167 143 189 144C222 186 243 205 290 236C288 179 282 152 262 102C272 82 289 63 306 54C322 63 340 82 350 102C330 152 324 179 321 236C368 205 390 186 422 144C444 143 470 148 486 158Z"></path></g></svg></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left" colspan="3"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td class="align_center" colspan="3">MDA (<i>μ</i>M)</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left" colspan="3"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Regular DC</td><td class="align_center">123.67±8.31</td><td class="align_center">141.21±11.21</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left" colspan="3"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Lycopene</td><td class="align_center">131.25±9.94</td><td class="align_center">118.25±10.41</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left" colspan="3"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">L-tug DC</td><td class="align_center">119.25±8.66</td><td class="align_center">75.34±12.3<svg height="10.3089pt" id="M13" style="vertical-align:-0.2063999pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -10.1025 12.4421 10.3089" width="12.4421pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M285 378C315 398 338 416 353 432C373 451 384 474 384 503C384 579 325 635 236 635H235C182 635 136 610 108 579L65 516L85 496C110 533 150 575 205 575C258 575 300 543 300 481C300 407 232 369 141 339L147 310C163 315 188 321 211 321C268 321 338 284 338 192C338 94 288 40 217 40C160 40 119 68 93 91C85 98 77 97 69 91C60 84 47 71 46 58C44 46 48 35 62 22C75 10 116 -12 162 -12C234 -12 424 62 424 224C424 297 373 359 285 376V378Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,6.24,-5.741)"><path d="M486 158C486 177 478 202 466 220C413 228 386 236 336 262C386 288 413 297 466 304C478 323 486 347 485 366C470 376 444 381 422 380C389 338 368 319 321 288C323 345 329 372 349 422C339 442 322 461 305 470C289 461 271 442 262 422C281 372 287 345 290 288C243 319 222 338 189 380C167 381 142 376 125 366C125 347 133 322 145 304C198 296 225 288 275 262C225 236 198 227 145 220C133 201 125 177 126 158C141 148 167 143 189 144C222 186 243 205 290 236C288 179 282 152 262 102C272 82 289 63 306 54C322 63 340 82 350 102C330 152 324 179 321 236C368 205 390 186 422 144C444 143 470 148 486 158Z"></path></g></svg></td></tr><tr class="table-tr"><td colspan="3"><hr class="tbody-hr"/></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr class="table-fn"><td><div>(<span class="nowrap"><svg height="6.01072pt" id="M14" style="vertical-align:-0.04980993pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -5.96091 7.75925 6.01072" width="7.75925pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M471 153C471 170 463 194 452 212C400 220 373 229 322 255C373 281 400 290 452 298C463 316 471 339 471 357C456 366 431 371 410 370C377 329 356 310 308 279C311 336 317 364 336 413C326 432 310 451 294 459C279 451 262 432 252 413C271 364 277 336 280 279C232 310 211 329 178 370C157 371 132 367 117 357C117 340 125 316 136 298C188 290 215 281 266 255C215 229 188 220 136 212C125 194 117 171 117 153C132 144 157 139 178 140C211 181 232 200 280 231C277 174 271 146 252 97C262 78 278 59 294 51C309 59 326 78 336 97C317 146 311 174 308 231C356 200 377 181 410 140C431 139 456 143 471 153Z"></path></g></svg>)</span> – p&lt;0.05<br/></div></td></tr></table>

<div>Serum oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) and malonic dialdehyde (MDA) levels in volunteers 3 hours after ingestion of dc formulations (averages±SD).</div>

Advances in Preventive Medicine

tab3

Table 3

Table 3: Ingestion of Lycosome L-tug Formulation of Dark Chocolate Ameliorates Postprandial Hyperlipidemia and Hyperglycemia in Healthy Volunteers 