Novel Longitudinal and Propensity Score Matched Analysis of Hands-On Cooking and Nutrition Education versus Traditional Clinical Education among 627 Medical Students

Table 1

Comparative effectiveness of GCCM elective versus traditional clinical education across three methods with fully adjusted models.

Outcome	IVWM average; OR (95% CI)	C-logit; (); OR (95% CI)	PSM; (); OR (95% CI)	Panel; (); OR (95% CI)	test value
Daily diet of fruits and vegetables.	1.46 (1.22–1.75)	1.38 (1.07–1.79)	1.54 (1.15–2.05)	1.55 (0.95–2.55)	0.842
Strong agreement on nutrition counseling.	1.87 (1.57–2.23)	1.81 (1.40–2.35)	1.80 (1.35–2.39)	2.19 (1.47–3.28)	0.693
Totally proficient in original competencies.	1.90 (1.75–2.06)	1.49 (1.32–1.68)	2.26 (1.98–2.57)	2.52 (2.06–3.08)	<0.001

Fully adjusted for gender, age, race, prior nutrition education, special diet, and clinical years’ upperclassman. IVWM, inverse-variance weighted meta-analysis; C-logit, multivariate conditional logistic regression; PSM, propensity score matching; test, test for heterogeneity across methods. Statistical significance defined by value <0.05.