Investigating the Effect of Prompt Treatment on Malaria Prevalence in Children Aged below Five Years in Zambia: A Nested Case-Control Study in a Cross-Sectional Survey

Table 3

Effect size measures of variables on prevalence using data from the whole country.

Variable	Unadjusted odds ratio				Adjusted odds ratio
	OR	95% CI		value	aOR	95% CI		value
Malaria treated (yes)	1.44	0.97	2.13	0.067	1.07	0.70	1.64	0.752
Sex (female)	0.31	0.05	2.05	0.228	0.21	0.03	5.63	0.506
Age group (<12 months)	<0.001	—	—	—	<0.001	—	—	0.990
Residence (urban)	0.09	0.03	0.26	<0.001	0.11	0.03	0.32	<0.001
Altitude location (metres)	1.00	1.00	1.00	0.845	1.00	1.00	1	0.575
Standard house (yes)	0.2	0.07	0.56	0.002	0.33	0.11	0.99	0.047
IRS (yes)	0.58	0.35	0.97	0.037	0.65	0.36	1.17	0.150
ITN slept (yes)	0.88	0.57	1.36	0.579	0.98	0.61	1.56	0.928
Rainfall (mm)	1.00	1.00	1.01	0.087	1.01	0.99	1.01	0.961
Temperature (°C)					0.5	0.17	1.53	0.227
Wealth (poorest quintile)	1.73	1.11	2.72	0.016	1.43	0.91	2.45	0.116