Hygiene and Sanitation Practices and the Risk of Morbidity among Children 6–23 Months of Age in Kumbungu District, Ghana
Table 6
Backward multivariate binary logistic regression of the determinants of diarrhoea and RTI morbidity among the 6–23 months children.
Variable
Diarrhoea
Respiratory tract infection (RTI)
Both diarrhoea and RTI
Either diarrhoea or RTI
Odds ratio (95% C.I)
-value
Odds ratio (95% C.I)
-value
Odds ratio (95% C.I)
-value
Odds ratio (95% C.I)
-value
Caregiver washes hands with or without soap after defecating (ref = No)
Yes
0.29 (0.10, 0.81)
0.02
0.43 (0.17, 1.05)
0.06
Caregiver washes hands with soap after defecating (ref = No)
Yes
0.32 (0.19, 0.52)
<.0001
0.39 (0.23, 0.67)
0.0006
0.39 (0.21, 0.72)
0.004
Caregiver washes hands with soap before feeding (ref = No)
Yes
0.50 (0.30, 0.84)
0.009
0.61 (0.35, 1.04)
0.07
Child’s hands washed with or without soap before feeding (ref = No)
Yes
0.21 (0.04, 1.01)
0.052
Child’s hands are washed with soap before feeding (ref = No)
Yes
0.60 (0.37, 0.99)
0.047
Household toilet facility
Public toilet, latrine or WC
0.52 (0.27, 1.02)
0.058
0.50 (0.24, 1.07)
0.07
Otherwise (surrounding bush)
1
1
How garbage is disposed
Dug pit/burn
1
1
Otherwise1
2.68 (1.10, 6.53)
0.03
Where child defecates
0.03
Chamber pot
1
Outside the compound
1.78 (0.93, 3.39)
Other2
4.07 (1.15, 14.38)
Treatment of fruits and vegetables
Water and salt (saline)
4.07 (1.15, 14.18)
0.03
Otherwise3
1
Model fit statistics
Log likelihood ratio
35.61
<.0001
12.84
0.005
25.54
<.0001
24.40
0.0002
Wald test
30.42
<.0001
12.19
0.007
25.52
<.0001
23.69
0.0007
Nagelkerke’s
0.16
0.06
0.12
0.13
Values are odds ratios and 95% confidence interval; ref = reference group; 1inlcudes rubbish dump site and surrounding bush; 2inside compound, surrounding bush; 3includes washing with only water; statistically significant at 5% level of significance.