18–55 yr; tibia or femoral shaft fracture for intramedullary nail
102
Three month supplementation across four treatment groups; 150,000 IU loading at injury and 6 weeks vs. 4000 IU daily vs. 600 IU daily vs. placebo
Clinical and radiological union (FIX-IT and RUST scores)
No differences between clinical or radiological union between loading doses vs. high daily dosing; high dose vs. low dose groups or between low dose vs. placebo at 3 or 12 months
Post-hoc comparison of high dose vs. placebo showed improved clinical union () but not radiological union ()
Participants were divided into two groups based on vitamin D status. All patients given 50000 D3 IM bolus, but deficient patients were supplemented with 50,000 IU oral weekly for 12 weeks
Clinical and radiological union
No significant difference in radiological union rate at 2, 4, 8, or 12 weeks ()
There was significant difference in clinical union at 4 () and 8 weeks () favouring vitamin D supplementation
Groups weredivided into supplemented (n = 65) and nonsupplemented (n = 65). Supplementation was 300,000 IU D3 SC for deficient or 100,000 IU for insufficient
Radiological union, functional outcome scores (ODI, RMDQ), and QoL scores (SF-36)
Fracture union in all patients regardless of vitamin D level. No significant difference in functional outcomes (ODI, ; RMDQ, or QoL scores (SF-36 PC,), ) between the supplemented and nonsupplemented group
1000 IU D3 and 1500 mg Ca for all patients. Deficient or insufficient patients were given 50000 D2 weekly until normal D levels or healing demonstrated
Healing complications; nonunion, malunion, delayed union, wound problems, or infection
No significant difference between initial () or repeat () vitamin D in patients who developed fracture complications
All patients had oral 800 IU and 500 mg. Supplementation groups had oral loading 250,000 IU D3 vs. placebo
Gait velocity, grip strength, and BI, (EguroQol EQ5D)
No significant differences in gait velocity between both groups. No significant differences for BI () and grip strength () at 4 weeks between the groups
EuroQoL scores were higher in treatment group but not significant. ( 0.092) pain scores at week 26 were significant higher in treatment group ()
Patients had baseline 800 IU D3 and 1 g Ca. Then, supplementation group was given D3 2000 IU/dly + -HE vs. no further supplementation + -HE
Health-related quality of life (EuroQol-EQ5D)
No difference in quality of life between two interventions over time (); however, high dose vitamin D slowed health-related quality of life decline after 6 months ()
50 yr+; females with conservative distal radius fractures
32
Three groups given either high dose (1800 IU daily), low dose (700 IU daily), and no treatment. Liquid vitamin D was administered at 2 boluses on weeks 1 and 6
BMD using HRpQCT; PRWE scores
No difference in total BMD between control vs. low dose ( 0.26) or high dose vs. control ()
No difference in PRWE scores between control vs. low dose () or high dose vs. control ()
Four groups; 300,000 IU D2 injected vs. 300,000 IU D2 injected + 1 g/day Ca vs. 800 u/day D3 and 1 g/day Ca vs. no treatment
28 day BMD
Vitamin D had a small but statistically significant effect on total hip BMD at 28 days. Mean difference of 0.013 (95% CI interval; 0.003; 0.023). Mean difference increased when calcium was added. No differences for spine BMD
1 mcg daily alfacalcidol and 2.5 g caco3 vs. placebo and 2.5 g caco3
BMD and grip strength
No change in BMD or grip strength after 3 or 6 months
BI, barthel index; BD, bis in die; BMD, bone mineral density; CS, cannualted screws; HE, home exercise therapy; FIX-IT, function index for trauma; IM, intramuscular; HRpQCT, high resolution peripheral computed topography; NRT, nonrandomised control trial; NOF, neck of femur; ODI, Owestry Disability Index; PRWE, Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation; RCT, randomised control trial; RMDQ, Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire; RUST, radiograph union scale in tibial fractures; SHS, sliding hip screws; SC, subcutaneous; SF, short form.