Microbiological Profile and Drug Resistance Analysis of Postoperative Infections following Orthopedic Surgery: A 5-Year Retrospective Review

Table 4

Resistance pattern of gram-negative bacteria to antibiotic agents.

Antibiotics	Klebsiella spp.	Escherichia coli	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	Enterobacter spp.	Acinetobacter spp.
	n = 14	n = 10	n = 10	n = 5	n = 5
Ampicillin	5 (100)	4 (100)	—	—	—
Levofloxacin	5 (60)	4 (25)	1 (100)	3 (66.7)	1 (100)
Gentamicin	14 (50)	10 (30)	9 (0)	5 (20)	5 (60)
Ceftriaxone	14 (64.3)	10 (50)	—	5 (60)	5 (60)
Cefoxitin	9 (44.4)	6 (66.7)	—	3 (100)	—
Amikacin	14 (21.4)	10 (0)	10 (20)	5 (0)	4 (50)
Ciprofloxacin	14 (42.9)	10 (60)	10 (20)	5 (40)	4 (75)
Cefazolin	4 (100)	4 (50)	—	3 (100)	1 (100)
Imipenem	14 (35.7)	10 (0)	10 (30)	5 (0)	5 (80)
Ertapenem	14 (35.7)	10 (0)	—	5 (20)	4 (75)
Ceftazidime	14 (64.3)	10 (50)	10 (30)	5 (60)	5 (100)
Tigecycline	13 (15.4)	8 (0)	1 (0)	4 (0)	5 (40)
Cefepime	13 (53.8)	9 (66.7)	10 (70)	5 (40)	5 (100)
Cefotaxime	9 (44.4)	6 (33.3)	—	2 (50)	4 (75)
Co-trimoxazole	5 (80)	4 (75)	2 (100)	3 (33.3)	1 (0)
Nitrofurantoin	3 (66.7)	1 (0)	—	1 (100)	—
Meropenem	1 (0)	—	9 (55.6)	1 (0)	4 (100)
Piperacillin/tazobactam	5 (60)	2 (0)	9 (33.3)	3 (0)	4 (100)
Colistin sulfate	1 (0)	—	2 (0)	—	4 (0)
Minocycline	—	—	2 (100)	—	1 (0)
Piperacillin	—	—	4 (50)	—	1 (100)
Ticarcillin/clavulanic acid	—	—	4 (50)	—	1 (100)
Tobramycin	—	—	4 (0)	—	1 (0)
Ticarcillin	—	—	3 (33.3)	—	1 (100)
Aztreonam	1 (100)	—	6 (50)	1 (0)	3 (66.7)
Cefoxitin	5 (60)	4 (50)	1 (100)	2 (100)	4 (100)

Data are represented in n (%); data were calculated based on 168 identified bacteria (in 9 cases more than one pathogen was found); spp., species.