The Impact of Preoperative Opioid Use Disorder on Complications and Costs following Primary Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty

Table 1

Patient demographics and comorbidities.

Characteristic		Nonopioid dependent (n (%))	Opioid dependent (n (%))	value
				Before matching	After matching
Total patients		3,428,273 (99.7)	9,832 (0.3)
Surgery type	THA	1,198,470 (35)	4,258 (43.3)	<0.001	0.999
	TKA	2,229,803 (65)	5,574 (56.7)
Sex	Male	1,347,632 (39.3)	4,693 (47.7)	<0.001	0.999
	Female	2,080,641 (60.7)	5,140 (52.3)
Insurance	Medicare	1,941,276 (56.7)	4,576 (46.6)	<0.001	0.998
	Private	1,226,412 (35.8)	2,828 (28.8)
	Medicaid	118,405 (3.5)	1,869 (19.0)
	Other	137,350 (4.0)	552 (5.6)
Age category	<55	486,664 (14.2)	3,550 (36.1)	<0.001	0.998
	55–64	984,362 (28.7)	3,852 (39.2)
	65–74	1,191,172 (34.7)	1,810 (18.4)
	75–84	653,333 (19.1)	540 (5.5)
	85+	112,742 (3.3)	81 (0.8)
Perioperative transfusion		374,279 (10.9)	1,463 (14.9)	<0.001	0.998
Zip code income quartile	1	728,949 (21.6)	2,348 (24.3)	<0.001	0.997
	2	861,933 (25.5)	2,602 (26.9)
	3	900,568 (26.7)	2,523 (26.1)
	4	886,595 (26.2)	2,189 (22.7)
Hospital size	Low	741,092 (21.6)	1,278 (13.0)	<0.001	0.999
	Medium	866,705 (25.3)	2,596 (26.4)
	High	1,820,476 (53.1)	5,958 (60.6)
Comorbidity	Obesity	737,221 (21.5)	2,920 (29.7)	<0.001	0.999
	Diabetes	660,785 (19.3)	1,626 (16.5)	<0.001	0.999
	Psychiatric disorder	524,428 (15.3)	3,961 (40.3)	<0.001	0.998
	Anemia	490,946 (14.3)	2,046 (20.8)	<0.001	0.999
	CHF	87,133 (2.5)	335 (3.4)	<0.001	0.998
	Renal failure	165,033 (4.8)	562 (5.7)	<0.001	0.999
	COPD	507,748 (14.8)	2,655 (27.0)	<0.001	0.999
	Tobacco use	268,528 (7.8)	3,028 (30.8)	<0.001	0.998