Study on the Microstructure of Vanadium-Modified Tungsten High-Speed Steel-Coded SAE-AISI T1 Steel

Table 2

Amount of the phase in the volume percent in T1 high-speed tool steel and its variant (as solidified).

Phases	State	Steel designation
		Standard	Vanadium modified			Vanadium with extra carbon modified
		1V-18W	2V-13W	3V-8W	4V-3W	2V-13W-HC	3V-8W-HC	4V-3W-HC
BCC (matrix)	Calculated	77.66	82.87	86.85	90.41	79.57	82.40	84.12
	Measured	79.19	83.54	87.21	89.65	80.81	83.79	84.52
MC	Calculated	1.37	3.30	4.80	6.61	4.18	6.57	8.89
	Measured	0.76	3.05	5.01	6.62	3.97	6.74	8.63
M6C	Calculated	15.61	11.12	6.58	2.35	10.30	3.63	—
	Measured	15.48	11.32	6.35	3.73	10.71	3.83	—
M23C6	Calculated	5.48	2.64	2.10	0.69	4.77	3.86	0.66
	Measured	4.57	2.09	1.43	—	3.98	2.84	—
M7C3	Calculated	—	—	—	—	1.18	2.21	5.32
	Measured	—	—	—	—	—	—	5.08
MC-SHIP	Calculated	—	—	—	—	—	1.33	1.01
	Measured	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Total carbides	Calculated	22.34	17.13	13.15	9.59	20.43	17.6	15.88
	Measured	20.81	16.46	12.79	10.36	18.66	13.41	13.61

calculated: Thermo-Calc calculation; measured: microstructure measurement based on the ImageJ software.