Preparation, Physicochemical Characterization, and Microrobotics Applications of Polyvinyl Chloride- (PVC-) Based PANI/PEDOT: PSS/ZrP Composite Cation-Exchange Membrane

Figure 12

Experimental deflection response of PANI/PVC-PEDOT: PSS-ZrP at different voltages (0–3.5 V): (a) 0 V, (b) 0.5 V, (c) 1.0 V, (d) 1.5 V, (e) 2.0 V, (f) 2.5 V, (g) 3.0 V, and (h) 3.5 V.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

(h)