Preparation, Physicochemical Characterization, and Microrobotics Applications of Polyvinyl Chloride- (PVC-) Based PANI/PEDOT: PSS/ZrP Composite Cation-Exchange Membrane

Figure 11

SEM microphotographs of PANI/PVC-PEDOT: PSS-ZrP. (a) Image at a magnification of 500× before actuation. (b) Image at a magnification of 500× after actuation. (c) Cross-sectional image at a magnification of 150× before actuation. (d) Cross-sectional image at a magnification of 150× after actuation.

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