Seismic Behavior of Rammed Earth Walls with Precast Concrete Tie Columns

Figure 8

Hysteresis curves of specimens. The hysteretic response of (a) Q-1; (b) Q-1 and Q-2; (c) Q-1 and Q-5; (d) Q-1 and Q-7.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)