Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

Review Article

A Short Review on the Valorisation of Sugarcane Bagasse Ash in the Manufacture of Stabilized/Sintered Earth Blocks and Tiles

Table 5

Role of bagasse ash in performance of stabilized and sintered soil blocks and tiles.


Author(s)	Primary stabilizer	Block size	Optimal dosage of bagasse ash	Properties tested	Without bagasse ash	With bagasse ash
		mm × mm × mm

Greepala and Parichartpreecha [43]	~7–14% cement	250 × 125 × 100	10% cement replacement	Comp. strength	15.7 MPa	11.7 MPa
				Water absorption	8.70%	9.93%

Khobklang et al. [44]	~8.5–14% cement	250 × 125 × 100	~4.3% cement replacement	Comp. strength	82.26 ksc	90.75 ksc
				Water absorption	11.29%	11.83%

Alavéz-Ramírez et al. [36]	10% lime	300 × 150 × 120	10% addition	Comp. strength	16.5 MPa	21.3 MPa
				Flex. strength	1.12 MPa	1.40 MPa

Lima et al. [45]	6% cement	DNR	8% addition	Comp. strength	0.70 MPa	1.54 MPa
				Water absorption	12.41%	11.86%
	12% cement		8% addition	Comp. strength	3.13 MPa	2.89 MPa
				Water absorption	11.94%	12.11%

James et al. [46]	4% cement	190 × 90 × 90	6% addition	Comp. strength	2.59 MPa	2.95 MPa
				Water absorption	6.59%	6.89%
	10% cement		6% addition	Comp. strength	5.42 MPa	5.85 MPa
				Water absorption	5.84%	6.95%

James and Pandian [47]	6% lime	190 × 90 × 90	8% addition	Comp. strength	1.687 MPa	1.87 MPa
				Water absorption	7.46%	8.38%

Singh and Kumar [48]	20% cement	225 × 110 × 70	15%	Comp. strength	14.14 MPa	11.31 MPa
				Water absorption	8.5%	9.79%

Kulkarni et al. [49]	20% lime	230 × 100 × 75	10%	Comp. strength	7.55 MPa	7.43 MPa

Madurwar [37]	20% lime	230 × 110 × 80	50%	Comp. strength	6.50 MPa	6.59 MPa
				Water absorption	10%	~20%
				Flex. strength	8.02 MPa	7.07 MPa
				Bond strength	0.32 MPa	0.35 MPa
				Wrench strength	0.12 MPa	0.23 MPa

Priyadarshini [50]	Cement	DNR	10% cement replacement	Comp. strength	9.98 MPa	9.40 MPa

Rajkumar et al. [51]	Cement	DNR	50% cement replacement	Comp. strength	45 MPa	41 MPa
				Comp. strength	40 MPa	42 MPa

Naibaho et al. [52]	Cement	400 × 200 × 100	25% cement replacement	Comp. strength	2.146 MPa	5.167 MPa
				Water absorption	9.77%	16.05%

Ali et al. [53]	Cement	100 × 50 × 40	20% cement replacement	Comp. strength	15.33 MPa	16.23 MPa
				Water absorption	7.04%	24.17%

Onchiri et al. [54]	4.8% cement	DNR	3.2%	Comp. strength	2.55 MPa	3.03 MPa

Saranya et al. [55]	—	190 × 90 × 90	5% with 5% rice husk ash	Comp. strength	~4 MPa	>4 MPa
				Water absorption	DNR	15.94%

Prasanth et al. [56]	—	200 × 100 × 100	5%	Comp. strength	0.5–1.65 MPa	1.15 MPa

Salim et al. [57]	—	285 × 145 × 95	10%	Comp. strength	~2.3 MPa	~3.8 MPa
				% cracks	30%	23%

Tonnayopas [42]	—	140 × 65 × 40	30%	Linear shrinkage	1%	4%
				Comp. strength	~37 MPa	~43 MPa
				Water absorption	~10.5%	~14%
				Electr. resistance	~750 MOhm-cm	~1400 MOhm-cm

Teixeira et al. [17]	—	60 × 20 × ~5	5%	Flex. strength	~10 MPa	~7 MPa

Schettino and Holanda [58]	—	DNR	1.25%	Linear shrinkage	~11.25%	~11.75%
				Flex. strength	~47.5 MPa	~45 MPa
				Water absorption	~0.125%	~0.1%

Hariharan et al. [59]	—	DNR	20%	Water absorption	0.6%	~0.4%
				Porosity	1.25%	0.95%
				Bulk density	2.06 g/cm³	2.39 g/cm³
				Dielectric strength	7.1 kV/mm	8.2 kV/mm

Aigbodion et al. [60]	—	DNR		Firing shrinkage	DNR	0.85%
				Density	DNR	1.95 g/cm³
				Refractoriness	DNR	1600°C

Faria et al. [18]	—	DNR		Tensile strength	~3 MPa	~1.5 MPa
				Water absorption	~23%	22.88%
				Linear shrinkage	~2.7%	~2.25%
				Apparent density	~1.7 g/cm³	~1.67 g/cm³

Comp.: compressive; flex.: flexural; elect.: electrical; DNR: data not reported; comparison with nonoptimal values; approximate values calculated from reported data/graphs; made with mix of only bagasse ash and gum Arabic; recommended value.