A Short Review on the Valorisation of Sugarcane Bagasse Ash in the Manufacture of Stabilized/Sintered Earth Blocks and Tiles

Table 2

Chemical composition of bagasse ash.

Author(s)	Al2O3	CaO	Fe2O3	K2O	MgO	MnO	Na2O	P2O5	SiO2	TiO2	SO3	LOI
Julphunthong [34]	9.21	1.97	2.23	5.06	DNR	0.16	—	1.09	79.26	0.51	0.50	DNR
Amin [64]	3.60	2.56	4.90	0.47	0.69	DNR	0.15	DNR	87.40	DNR	0.11	DNR
Osinubi et al. [65]	6.98	3.23	2.75	8.72	0.11	DNR	DNR	DNR	41.17	1.10	0.02	17.57
Bahurudeen et al. [35]	1.68	7.77	1.89	9.28	1.98	DNR	0.02	DNR	72.95	DNR	4.45	21
James et al. [46]	0.28	2.07	5.22	3.75	0.91	0.04	0.01	1.03	35.17	0.02	0.03	DNR
Alavéz-Ramírez et al. [36]	9.92	1.55	2.32	2.10	1.44	0.14	1.23	0.90	51.66	0.74	DNR	24.15
Singh and Kumar [48]	11.47	10.40	4.54	3.56	0.85	DNR	1.05	DNR	64.34	DNR	DNR	DNR
Sua-Iam and Makul [20]	6.91	4.01	3.65	1.99	1.10	DNR	0.33	DNR	65.26	DNR	0.21	15.34
Lima et al. [45]		0.10	—		0.10	DNR	—	0.10	96.20	DNR	0.10	1.04
Teixeira et al. [17]	5.25	2.08	1.31	3.46	1.09	0.08	—	0.54	85.58	0.32	DNR	DNR
Madurwar et al. [37]	2.40	14.75	3.34	DNR	2.11	DNR	DNR	DNR	59.50	DNR	0.92	8.90
Torres Agredo et al. [38]	6.40	3.80	5.50	2.70	2.30	DNR	1.20	DNR	72.80	DNR	DNR	3.7
	5.60	3.90	5.60	5.00	3.20	DNR	0.90	DNR	61.30	DNR	DNR	11.0
Sadeeq et al. [21]	8.23	4.52	3.96	2.41	4.47	DNR	DNR	DNR	57.95	DNR	DNR	5.0
Schettino and Holanda [39]	2.29	4.05	1.21	1.33	DNR	0.08	DNR	3.01	85.55	0.20	2.28	DNR
Rodríguez-Díaz et al. [40]	7.48	18.90	6.87	7.29	1.61	0.23	0.33	2.47	50.40	1.28	1.94	DNR
	1.37	9.81	1.71	14.00	1.89	0.43	0.23	5.19	63.20	0.08	1.49	DNR
Sabat [23]	6.84	4.30	3.84	DNR	DNR	DNR	DNR	DNR	67.74	DNR	DNR	DNR
Manikandan and Moganraj [28]	8.55	2.15	3.61	DNR	DNR	DNR	0.12	DNR	78.34	DNR	DNR	0.42
Martirena Hernández et al. [41]	5.26	7.99	3.92	3.47	2.78	DNR	0.84	1.59	72.74	0.32	0.13	0.77
Tonnayopas [42]	2.84	10.76	3.36	1.77	0.94	0.23	DNR	0.90	38.31	0.21	0.45	40.21
Sales and Lima [12]	2.30	0.60	5.10	1.30	0.40	DNR	0.10	0.40	88.20	1.00	<0.10	0.35
	0.20	0.10	1.70	0.30	<0.10	DNR	—	0.10	96.20	0.20	0.10	1.04
	4.50	0.90	8.80	1.80	0.60	DNR	<0.10	0.70	62.70	3.10	0.20	16.28
	1.20	0.40	2.60	0.80	0.30	DNR	0.10	0.20	93.50	0.50	<0.10	0.34
Bahurudeen and Santhanam [11]	1.52	6.62	2.29	9.59	1.87	DNR	0.12	DNR	75.67	DNR	DNR	DNR
Hariharan et al. [59]	6.73	9.40	4.35	2.65	2.42	DNR	0.71	DNR	69.81	0.42	DNR	DNR
Frias et al. [66]	11.26	2.51	5.41	3.45	1.28	DNR	0.09	1.61	69.40	1.38	1.83	1.56
	12.44	0.84	6.50	0.90	0.48	DNR	0.00	0.98	55.97	2.67	1.00	17.98
	9.26	1.43	10.08	3.19	0.92	DNR	0.22	1.04	66.61	2.44	0.10	4.27
Faria et al. [18]	5.92	5.00	7.36	6.22	1.17	0.10	DNR	0.98	61.59	1.46	0.42	9.78
Ganesan et al. [67]	9.05	8.14	5.52	1.35	2.85	DNR	0.92	DNR	64.15	DNR	DNR	4.90
Souza et al. [16]	5.3	2.1	1.3	3.5	1.1	0.1	0.00	0.5	85.5	0.3	DNR	DNR
Umamaheswaran and Batra [63]	0.49	2.75	0.49	1.73	3.26	DNR	0.06	1.14	65.03	0.08	DNR	24.84
Cordeiro et al. [30]	0.09	5.97	0.09	9.02	8.65	0.48	0.70	8.34	60.96	DNR	DNR	5.70
Morales et al. [31]	7.32	12.56	9.45	3.22	2.04	DNR	0.92	2.09	58.61	0.34	0.53	2.73
	7.55	12.89	9.83	3.41	2.10	DNR	0.96	2.15	59.35	0.37	0.72	0.81
Salim et al. [57]	6.7	2.8	6.3	2.4	3.2	DNR	1.1	4.0	73	DNR	DNR	0.9

DNR: data not reported. Al₂O₃ + Fe₂O₃; K₂O + Na₂O. Error values not reported.