Review Article

1600 AD Huaynaputina Eruption (Peru), Abrupt Cooling, and Epidemics in China and Korea

Table 4

Temporal distribution and weather background of the epidemics in China and Korea in 1601 AD.

County, provinceWeather backgroundTime

Xincai, HenanColdSpring (February 3–May 1, 1601 AD)
Nankang, Jiangxin/a4th month (May 2–May 31, 1601 AD)
Korea (State)Abnormally hot and wet7th month (July 29–August 27, 1601 AD)
Guizhou (Province)Drought7th month (July 29–August 27, 1601 AD)
Shitai, AnhuiAbnormally cold and then abnormally hot7-8th month (July 29–September 1601 AD)
Wuzhen, ZhejiangAbnormally cold and then abnormally hot7–9th month (July 29–October 25, 1601 AD)
Hangzhou, ZhejiangAbnormally cold and then abnormally hot7–9th month (July 29–October 25, 1601 AD)
Huzhou, ZhejiangAbnormally cold and then abnormally hot7–9th month (July 29–October 25, 1601 AD)
Tongxiang, ZhejiangAbnormally cold and then abnormally hot7–9th month (July 29–October 25, 1601 AD)
Nanxun, ZhejiangAbnormally cold and then abnormally hot7–9th month (July 29–October 25, 1601 AD)
Xinhua, Hunann/aAutumn (7th–9th month, i.e., July 29–October 25, 1601 AD)
Dingxiang, ShanxiDroughtAutumn (7th–9th month, i.e., July 29–October 25, 1601 AD)
Xingguo, JiangxiDroughtn/a
Qingxu, ShanxiDroughtn/a
Linyou, ShaanxiDroughtn/a
Yangqu, Shanxin/an/a

In Chinese and Korean historical literatures, particularly histories, chronicles and gazetteers, spring refers to the 1st–3rd months of the Chinese lunar calendar, and summer, autumn, and winter refer to the 4th–6th, 7th–9th, and 10th–12th months, respectively.