A Comparative Study of Some Automatic Arabic Text Diacritization Systems

Table 4

Error rates of the HMM-based systems

Systems	Diacritic error rate: DER (%)				Word error rate: WER (%)
	Including ‘no diacritic’ class		Excluding ‘no diacritic’ class		Including ‘no diacritic’ class		Excluding ‘no diacritic’ class
	With case ending	Without case ending	With case ending	Without case ending	With case ending	Without case ending	With case ending	Without case ending
Mohamed Hadj Ameur et al.‘s work [21] (word-level HMM using Absolut discount smoothing technique)	10.58	8.13	12.36	9.45	23.84	12.22	22.88	11.80
Mohamed Hadj Ameur et al.‘s work [21] (word-level and letter-level HMMs using Absolute discount smoothing technique)	9.74	7.10	11.00	7.84	23.90	12.19	22.87	11.75
Mohamed Hadj Ameur et al.‘s work [21] (word-level HMM using Laplace smoothing technique)	10.49	8.20	12.22	9.52	23.10	12.06	22.16	11.67
Mohamed Hadj Ameur et al.‘s work [21] (word-level and letter-level HMMs using Laplace smoothing technique)	9.65	7.19	10.82	7.86	23.16	12.02	22.14	11.60