Research Article
Health and Characteristics of Australian Apple Growing Soils
Table 3
van Genuchten–Mualem values.
| Horizon | Soil order/state | n | (cm/cm) | (cm/cm) | α (cm−1) | η | Ksat (mm/hr) | | σ | | σ | | σ | | σ | | σ |
| A1, A11, A12 | Chromosol | 10 | 0.489 | 0.078 | 0.017 | 0.023 | 0.039 | 0.046 | 1.360 | 0.212 | 248 | 313 | Dermosol | 14 | 0.483 | 0.037 | 0.044 | 0.093 | 0.025 | 0.024 | 1.236 | 0.048 | 203 | 166 | Ferrosol | 9 | 0.529 | 0.076 | 0.084 | 0.099 | 0.061 | 0.052 | 1.255 | 0.111 | 172 | 202 | Hydrosol | 2 | 0.508 | 0.035 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.026 | 0.029 | 1.184 | 0.057 | 249 | | Kandosol | 2 | 0.443 | 0.021 | 0.068 | 0.071 | 0.039 | 0.017 | 1.641 | 0.561 | 1065 | 926 | Kurosol | 10 | 0.488 | 0.069 | 0.020 | 0.035 | 0.020 | 0.018 | 1.281 | 0.115 | 200 | 219 | Sodosol | 1 | 0.435 | | 0.000 | | 0.017 | | 1.355 | | 38.1 | |
| A2 | Chromosol | 6 | 0.378 | 0.114 | 0.037 | 0.078 | 0.015 | 0.012 | 1.441 | 0.280 | 7.69 | 11.70 | Dermosol | 2 | 0.450 | 0.072 | 0.055 | 0.077 | 0.029 | 0.036 | 1.224 | 0.017 | 45.5 | | Kandosol | 2 | 0.359 | 0.040 | 0.092 | 0.029 | 0.030 | 0.002 | 3.482 | 2.194 | 284 | 391 | Kurosol | 5 | 0.319 | 0.021 | 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.012 | 0.005 | 1.250 | 0.059 | 2.64 | 3.74 | Sodosol | 1 | 0.405 | | 0.023 | | 0.015 | | 1.541 | | 0.316 | |
| B2, B21, B22 | Chromosol | 10 | 0.396 | 0.160 | 0.122 | 0.103 | 0.030 | 0.029 | 1.233 | 0.135 | 100 | 220 | Dermosol | 19 | 0.451 | 0.051 | 0.058 | 0.093 | 0.023 | 0.029 | 1.184 | 0.111 | 1.33 | 1.28 | Ferrosol | 13 | 0.507 | 0.044 | 0.052 | 0.087 | 0.054 | 0.029 | 1.177 | 0.164 | 2.85 | 3.00 | Hydrosol | 2 | 0.473 | 0.058 | 0.011 | 0.016 | 0.004 | 0.002 | 1.343 | 0.119 | 0.09 | 0.08 | Kandosol | 2 | 0.360 | 0.054 | 0.066 | 0.094 | 0.020 | 0.013 | 1.122 | 0.013 | 36.5 | 50.2 | Kurosol | 6 | 0.486 | 0.072 | 0.104 | 0.112 | 0.018 | 0.017 | 1.144 | 0.031 | 0.71 | 0.65 | Sodosol | 2 | 0.388 | 0.063 | 0.041 | 0.030 | 0.031 | 0.005 | 1.091 | 0.031 | 0.04 | |
| A1, A11, A12 | NSW | 9 | 0.503 | 0.081 | 0.084 | 0.099 | 0.064 | 0.049 | 1.254 | 0.112 | 159 | 195 | SA | 13 | 0.501 | 0.051 | 0.057 | 0.093 | 0.041 | 0.042 | 1.330 | 0.192 | 152 | 130 | TAS | 8 | 0.501 | 0.071 | 0.025 | 0.038 | 0.024 | 0.019 | 1.286 | 0.128 | 183 | 205 | VIC | 15 | 0.472 | 0.051 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.013 | 0.012 | 1.246 | 0.059 | 357 | 285 | WA | 3 | 0.501 | 0.102 | 0.057 | 0.053 | 0.047 | 0.018 | 1.485 | 0.480 | 727 | 879 |
| A2 | SA | 6 | 0.395 | 0.101 | 0.027 | 0.042 | 0.017 | 0.018 | 1.466 | 0.287 | 1.95 | 2.50 | TAS | 4 | 0.314 | 0.020 | 0.001 | 0.003 | 0.015 | 0.001 | 1.244 | 0.066 | 2.64 | 3.74 | VIC | 3 | 0.342 | 0.056 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.015 | 0.020 | 1.260 | 0.020 | 22.9 | 32.0 | WA | 3 | 0.413 | 0.098 | 0.126 | 0.062 | 0.025 | 0.008 | 2.767 | 1.985 | 197 | 314 |
| B2, B21, B22 | NSW | 16 | 0.509 | 0.039 | 0.043 | 0.080 | 0.059 | 0.029 | 1.161 | 0.150 | 2.63 | 2.88 | SA | 16 | 0.454 | 0.058 | 0.105 | 0.108 | 0.019 | 0.013 | 1.209 | 0.131 | 1.62 | 1.39 | TAS | 8 | 0.470 | 0.070 | 0.090 | 0.098 | 0.019 | 0.016 | 1.154 | 0.035 | 0.46 | 0.37 | VIC | 11 | 0.379 | 0.142 | 0.036 | 0.064 | 0.013 | 0.024 | 1.199 | 0.095 | 0.70 | 0.79 | WA | 3 | 0.379 | 0.050 | 0.125 | 0.122 | 0.037 | 0.030 | 1.252 | 0.225 | 189 | 266 |
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