Age of Soil and Water Conservation Practices on Selected Soil Properties along the Toposequence of Gerado Watershed, Habru District, Eastern Amhara, Ethiopia

Table 1

Effects of SWC age, slope position, and soil depth on soil physical properties.

Age of SWC	Slope positions	Depth (cm)	%Clay	%Silt	%Sand	Textural class	MC	BD
9-years-aged SWC	Upper	40	46.3^a–d	25.3	28.4^a–e	Clay	24.61^a	1.23^f
	Upper	20	38.6^cd	32.8	28.6^a–e	Clay loam	17.08^h	0.97^h
	Middle	40	39.1^d	34.9	26.0^a–c	Clay loam	24.37^a	1.45^d
	Middle	20	42.7^b–d	31.1	26.2^fg	Clay	20.61^e	0.73^i
	Lower	40	41.8^b–d	32.4	25.8^b–e	Clay loam	23.75^c	1.45^d
	Lower	20	48.5^a–c	26.9	24.6^b–e	Clay	23.61^b	0.55^j
3-years-aged SWC	Upper	40	40.7^b–d	32.7	26.6^d–g	Clay	21.72^d	1.77^ab
	Upper	20	44.2^b–d	28.6	27.2^b–e	Clay	15.74^i	1.09^g
	Middle	40	36.3^d	37.8	25.9^b–e	Clay loam	19.49^f	1.66^c
	Middle	20	43.6^b–d	30.9	25.5^ab	Clay	17.72^g	1.34^e
	Lower	40	41.2^b–d	33.2	25.6^a–d	Clay loam	20.72^e	1.69^bc
	Lower	20	43.0^b–d	30.9	26.1^b–e	Clay	15.25^i	1.45^d
Nonconserved	Upper	40	37.1^d	28.3	34.6^a	Clay loam	13.38^k	1.85^a
	Upper	20	35.9^b–d	35.0	29.1^c–g	Clay	13.63^k	1.22^f
	Middle	40	41.2^b–d	31.4	27.4^a–e	Clay	13.33^k	1.77^ab
	Middle	20	48.8^a–c	25.8	25.4^b–e	Clay	13.38^k	1.45^d
	Lower	40	56.4^a	25.7	17.9^g	Clay	14.45^j	1.75^bc
	Lower	20	49.2^ab	29.3	21.5^e–g	Clay	13.38^k	1.65^c
LSD			10.354	8.477	7.322		0.643	0.0951

SWC: soil water conservation in years; MC: moisture content in %; BD: bulk density in g cm⁻³. Means within a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different at P < 0.05.